英语考研答案 第一篇_2013年考研英语一真题及答案
2013年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语一真题及答案 Section I Use of English
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
People are, on the whole, poor at considering background information when making
individual decisions. At first glance this might seem like a strength that 1 the ability to make judgments which are unbiased by 2 factors. But Dr. Uri Simonsohn speculated that an
inability to consider the big 3 was leading decision-makers to be biased by the daily samples of information they were working with. 4 , he theorised that a judge 5 of appearing too soft 6 crime might be more likely to send someone to prison 7 he had already sentenced five or six other defendants only to forced community service on that day.
To 8 this idea, he turned to the university-admissions process. In theory, the 9 of an applicant should not depend on the few others 10 randomly for interview during the same day, but Dr. Simonsohn suspected the truth was 11 .
He studied the results of 9,323 MBA interviews 12 by 31 admissions officers. The interviewers had 13 applicants on a scale of one to five. This scale 14 numerous factors into consideration. The scores were 15 used in conjunction with an applicant‘s score on the Graduate
Management Admission Test, or GMAT, a standardized exam which is 16 out of 800 points, to make a decision on whether to accept him or her.
Dr. Simonsohn found if the score of the previous candidate in a daily series of interviewees was 0.75 points or more higher than that of the one 17 that, then the score for the next applicant would 18 by an average of 0.075 points. This might sound small, but to 19 the effects of such a decrease a candidate could need 30 more GMAT points than would otherwise have been 20 .
1. [A]grants [B]submits [C]transmits [D]delivers
2. [A]minor [B]objective [C]crucial [D] external
3. [A]issue [B]vision [C]picture [D]external
4. [A] For example [B] On average [C]In principle [D]Above all
5. [A]fond [B]fearful [C]capable [D] thoughtless
6. [A] in [B] on [C]to [D] for
7. [A] if [B] until [C] though [D] unless
8. [A] promote [B] emphasize [C]share [D]test
9. [A] decision [B] quality [C] status [D] success
10. [A] chosen [B] studied [C] found [D] identified
11. [A] exceptional [B] defensible [C] replaceable [D] otherwise
12. [A] inspired [B] expressed [C] conducted [D] secured
13. [A] assigned [B] rated [C] matched [D] arranged
14. [A] put [B] got [C] gave [D] took
15. [A] instead [B] then [C] ever [D] rather
16. [A] selected [B] passed [C] marked [D] introduced
17. [A] before [B] after [C] above [D] below
18. [A] jump [B] float [C] drop [D] fluctuate
19. [A] achieve [B] undo [C] maintain [D] disregard
20. [A] promising [B] possible [C] necessary [D] helpful
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
In the 2006 film version of The Devil Wears Prada, Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesn‘t affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant‘s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments stores and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment.
This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn‘t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish would be described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Cline‘s three-year indictment of ―fast fashion‖. In the last decade or so, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H&M, and Uniqlo to react to trends more quickly and anticipate demand more precisely. Quicker turnarounds mean less wasted inventory, more frequent release, and more profit. These labels encourage style-conscious consumers to see clothes as disposable-meant to last only a wash or two, although they don‘t advertise that –and to renew their wardrobe every few weeks. By offering on-trend items at dirt-cheap prices, Cline argues, these brands have hijacked fashion cycles, shaking an industry long accustomed to a seasonal pace.
The victims of this revolution, of course, are not limited to designers. For H&M to offer a $5.95 knit miniskirt in all its 2,300-pius stores around the world, it must rely on low-wage overseas labor, order in volumes that strain natural resources, and use massive amounts of harmful chemicals.
Overdressed is the fashion world‘s answer to consumer-activist bestsellers like Michael
Pollan‘s The Omnivore‘s Dilemma. ―Mass-produced clothing, like fast food, fills a hunger and need, yet is non-durable and wasteful,‖ Cline argues. Americans, she finds, buy roughly 20 billion garments a year – about 64 items per person – and no matter how much they give away, this excess leads to waste.
Towards the end of Overdressed, Cline introduced her ideal, a Brooklyn woman named Sarah Kate Beaumont, who since 2008 has made all of her own clothes – and beautifully. But as Cline is the first to note, it took Beaumont decades to perfect her craft; her example can‘t be knocked off.
Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environment – including H&M, with its green Conscious Collection line –Cline believes
lasting change can only be effected by the customer. She exhibits the idealism common to many advocates of sustainability, be it in food or in energy. Vanity is a constant; people will only start shopping more sustainably when they can‘t afford not to.
21. Priestly criticizes her assistant for her
[A] poor bargaining skill.
[B] insensitivity to fashion.
[C] obsession with high fashion.
[D] lack of imagination.
22. According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to
[A] combat unnecessary waste.
[B] shut out the feverish fashion world.
[C] resist the influence of advertisements.
[D] shop for their garments more frequently.
23. The word ―indictment‖ (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to
[A] accusation.
[B] enthusiasm.
[C] indifference.
[D] tolerance.
24. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?
[A] Vanity has more often been found in idealists.
[B] The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.
[C] People are more interested in unaffordable garments.
[D] Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.
25. What is the subject of the text?
[A] Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.
[B] Challenge to a high-fashion myth.
[C] Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.
[D] Exposure of a mass-market secret.
Text 2
An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted-the trouble is, no one knows which half. In the internet age, at least in theory, this fraction can be much reduced. By watching what people search for, click on and say online, companies can aim
―behavioural‖ ads at those most likely to buy.
In the past couple of weeks a quarrel has illustrated the value to advertisers of such
fine-grained information: Should advertisers assume that people are happy to be tracked and sent behavioural ads? Or should they have explicit permission?
In December 2010 America's Federal Trade Commission (FTC) proposed adding a "do not track "(DNT) option to internet browsers ,so that users could tell advertisers that they did not
want to be followed .Microsoft's Internet Explorer and Apple's Safari both offer DNT ;Google's Chrome is due to do so this year. In February the FTC and Digital Advertising Alliance (DAA) agreed that the industry would get cracking on responding to DNT requests.
On May 31st Microsoft Set off the row: It said that Internet Explorer 10, the version due to appear windows 8, would have DNT as a default.
It is not yet clear how advertisers will respond. Getting a DNT signal does not oblige anyone to stop tracking, although some companies have promised to do so. Unable to tell whether someone really objects to behavioural ads or whether they are sticking with Microsoft‘s default, some may ignore a DNT signal and press on anyway.
Also unclear is why Microsoft has gone it alone. After all, it has an ad business too, which it says will comply with DNT requests, though it is still working out how. If it is trying to upset Google, which relies almost wholly on default will become the norm. DNT does not seem an obviously huge selling point for windows 8-though the firm has compared some of its other products favourably with Google's on that count before. Brendon Lynch, Microsoft's chief privacy officer, blogged: "we believe consumers should have more control." Could it really be that simple?
26. It is suggested in paragraph 1 that ―behavioural‖ ads help advertisers to:
[A] ease competition among themselves
[B] lower their operational costs
[C] avoid complaints from consumers
[D] provide better online services
27. ―The industry‖ (Line 6,Para.3) refers to:
[A] online advertisers
[B] e-commerce conductors
[C] digital information analysis
[D] internet browser developers
28. Bob Liodice holds that setting DNT as a default
[A] many cut the number of junk ads
[B] fails to affect the ad industry
[C] will not benefit consumers
[D] goes against human nature
29. Which of the following is true according to Paragraph.6?
[A] DNT may not serve its intended purpose
[B] Advertisers are willing to implement DNT
[C] DNT is losing its popularity among consumers
[D] Advertisers are obliged to offer behavioural ads
30. The author's attitude towards what Brendon Lynch said in his blog is one of:
[A] indulgence
[B] understanding
[C] appreciation
[D] skepticism
Text 3
Up until a few decades ago, our visions of the future were largely - though by no means uniformly - glowingly positive. Science and technology would cure all the ills of humanity, leading to lives of fulfillment and opportunity for all.
Now utopia has grown unfashionable, as we have gained a deeper appreciation of the range of threats facing us, from asteroid strike to epidemic flu and to climate change. You might even be tempted to assume that humanity has little future to look forward to.
But such gloominess is misplaced. The fossil record shows that many species have endured for millions of years - so why shouldn't we? Take a broader look at our species' place in the universe, and it becomes clear that we have an excellent chance of surviving for tens, if not hundreds, of thousands of years. Look up Homo sapiens in the "Red List" of threatened
species of the International Union for the Conversation of Nature (IUCN) ,and you will read: "Listed as Least Concern as the species is very widely distributed, adaptable, currently increasing, and there are no major threats resulting in an overall population decline."
So what does our deep future hold? A growing number of researchers and organizations are now thinking seriously about that question. For example, the Long Now Foundation has its flagship project a medical clock that is designed to still be marking time thousands of years hence.
Perhaps willfully, it may be easier to think about such lengthy timescales than about the more immediate future. The potential evolution of today's technology, and its social consequences, is dazzlingly complicated, and it's perhaps best left to science fiction writers and futurologists to explore the many possibilities we can envisage. That's one reason why we have launched Arc, a new publication dedicated to the near future.
But take a longer view and there is a surprising amount that we can say with considerable assurance. As so often, the past holds the key to the future: we have now identified enough of the long-term patterns shaping the history of the planet, and our species, to make
evidence-based forecasts about the situations in which our descendants will find themselves. This long perspective makes the pessimistic view of our prospects seem more likely to be a passing fad. To be sure, the future is not all rosy. But we are now knowledgeable enough to reduce many of the risks that threatened the existence of earlier humans, and to improve the lot of those to come.
31. Our vision of the future used to be inspired by
[A] our desire for lives of fulfillment
[B] our faith in science and technology
[C] our awareness of potential risks
[D] our belief in equal opportunity
英语考研答案 第二篇_2015年考研英语一真题完整版
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2015年考研英语(一)真题完整版
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Though not biologically related, friends are as “related” as fourth cousins, sharing about 1% of genes. That is _(1)_a study, published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, has__(2)_.
The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted _(3)__1,932 unique subjects which __(4)__pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers. The same people were used in both_(5)_.
While 1% may seem_(6)_,it is not so to a geneticist. As James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego, says, “Most people do not even _(7)_their fourth cousins but somehow manage to select as friends the people who_(8)_our kin.”
The study_(9)_found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity .Why this similarity exists in smell genes is difficult to explain, for now,_(10)_,as the team suggests, it draws us to similar environments but there is more_(11)_it. There could be many mechanisms working together that _(12)_us in choosing genetically similar friends_(13)_”functional Kinship” of being friends with_(14)_! One of the remarkable findings of the study was the similar genes seem to be evolution_(15)_than other genes Studying this could help_(16)_why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000 years, with social environment being a major_(17)_factor.
The findings do not simply explain people’s_(18)_to befriend those of similar_(19)_backgrounds, say the researchers. Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction, care was taken to_(20)_that all subjects, friends and strangers, were taken from the same population.
1. [A] when [B] why [C] how [D] what
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2. [A] defended [B] concluded [C] withdrawn [D] advised
3. [A] for [B] with [C] on [D] by
4. [A] compared [B] sought [C] separated [D] connected
5. [A] tests [B] objects [C]samples [D] examples
6. [A] insignificant [B] unexpected [C]unbelievable [D] incredible
7. [A] visit [B] miss [C] seek [D] know
8. [A] resemble [B] influence [C] favor [D] surpass
9. [A] again [B] also [C] instead [D] thus
10. [A] Meanwhile [B] Furthermore [C] Likewise [D] Perhaps
11. [A] about [B] to [C]from [D]like
12. [A] drive [B] observe [C] confuse [D]limit
13. [A] according to [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] along with
14. [A] chances [B]responses [C]missions [D]benefits
15. [A] later [B]slower [C] faster [D] earlier
16. [A]forecast [B]remember [C]understand [D]express
17. [A] unpredictable [B]contributory [C] controllable [D]
disruptive
18. [A] endeavor [B]decision [C]arrangement [D] tendency
19. [A] political [B] religious [C] ethnic [D] economic
20. [A] see [B] show [C] prove [D] tell
Section II Reading Comprehension
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points) Text 1
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King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted “kings don’t abdicate, they dare in their sleep.” But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle?
The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above “mere” politics and “embody” a spirit of national unity.
It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs’ continuing popularity polarized. And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a
non-controversial but respected public figure.
Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. At a time when Thomas Piketty and other economists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth, it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.
The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways. Princes and princesses have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not horses (or helicopters). Even so, these are wealthy families who party with the international 1%, and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image.
While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to survive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example.
It is only the Queen who has preserved the monarchy’s reputation with her rather ordinary (if well-heeled) granny style. The danger will come with Charles, who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty【英语考研答案】
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hierarchical view of the world. He has failed to understand that
monarchies have largely survived because they provide a service – as non-controversial and non-political heads of state. Charles ought to know that as English history shows, it is kings, not republicans, who are the monarchy’s worst enemies.
21. According to the first two Paragraphs, King Juan Carlos of Spain
[A] used turn enjoy high public support
[B] was unpopular among European royals
[C] cased his relationship with his rivals
[D]ended his reign in embarrassment
22. Monarchs are kept as heads of state in Europe mostly
[A] owing to their undoubted and respectable status
[B] to achieve a balance between tradition and reality
[C] to give voter more public figures to look up to
[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment
23. Which of the following is shown to be odd, according to Paragraph 4?
[A] Aristocrats’ excessive reliance on inherited wealth
[B] The role of the nobility in modern democracies
[C] The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families
[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges
24. The British royals “have most to fear” because Charles
[A] takes a rough line on political issues
[B] fails to change his lifestyle as advised
[C] takes republicans as his potential allies
[D] fails to adapt himself to his future role
25. Which of the following is the best title of the text?
[A] Carlos, Glory and Disgrace Combined
[B] Charles, Anxious to Succeed to the Throne
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[C] Carlos, a Lesson for All European Monarchs
[D]Charles, Slow to React to the Coming Threats
TEXT 2
Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data? The Supreme Cpurt will now consider whether police can search the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest.
California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling, particularly one that upsets the old assumptions that authorities may search through the possessions of suspects at the time of their arrest. It is hard, the state argues, for judges to assess the implications of new and rapidly changing technologies.
The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice. Enough of the implications are discernable, even obvious, so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police, lawyers and defendants.
They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone- a vast storehouse of digital information is similar to say, going through a suspect’s purse .The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or porcketbook, of an arrestee without a warrant. But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home. A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history ,financial history, medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence. The development of “cloud computing.” meanwhile, has made that exploration so much the easier.
But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole. New, disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the
Constitution’s protections. Orin Kerr, a law professor, compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the 21st century with the establishment of automobile use as a digital necessity of life in the 20th: The justices had to specify novel rules for the new personal domain of the passenger car then; they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now.
英语考研答案 第三篇_2014考研英语(一)答案
2014考研英语（一）【答案+详解】
2014-01-07 10:11
Section I Use of English
1、【答案】A where
【解析】通过首段第一句确定本文的主题—记忆力问题。本题考查动宾搭配，空格所在句意义为：我们突然不能回忆起刚才把钥匙放____，或者一个老熟人的姓名，或者是一个老乐队的名称。分析四个选项，B when 引导表示时间的状语从句，C that放在这里不合适，D why引导表示原因的状语从句。根据句义，以及主题，这里需要填入表示忘记了钥匙所放在的地点，选项A where 作为宾语从句的引导词，和后面的部分一起，作为remember的宾语，符合题意。
2、【答案】B fades
【解析】本句的句义是：本句的句义是关于大脑的退化，我们婉转地把它称作“老年时分”(老年人的瞬间记忆丧失)。从前文可以看出，文章讲的是随着年龄增长，记忆力的衰退。由语境确定B。fade away是一个固定搭配，表示消失、衰弱、消退、消歇。A(Improve) 表示提高;C(recover)表示恢复、D(collapse)表示崩塌。A、C、D均不符合题意。
3、【答案】B while
【解析】本句的句义是：这看起来问题不大，但精神集中能力的丧失，对于我们的职业生涯，社会交往以及个人生活都能产生有害影响。这个空在句首，需要填一个连接词，看起来问题不大和后面的内容之间存在转折关系，因此正确答案为B。A选项unless表示让步关系;C选项Once作为连词表示条件关系，表示“一„„就”;D选项也是条件关系。A、C、D均不符合题意。
4、【答案】A damaging
【解析】本句的句义同第3题。通过整篇文章语境，我们可以看出注意力的丧失会对我们造成不好的影响，造成损害，因此正确答案是damaging，表示损害。B选项 limited表示有限，局限性;C选项uneven表示不均匀，奇数;D选项obscure表示晦涩的不清楚的。B、C、D均不符合题意。
5、【答案】C well-being
【解析】本句的句义同第3题。这里需要填入的是表示个人生活状态的词，因此well-being符合题意，表示个人的幸福。A选项relationship表示关系，B选项environment表示环境;D、outlook表示外表，A、B、D均不符合题意。
6、【答案】D turns
【解析】It指代前文中的study(神经科学研究)，顺应前文，可以理解为：它我们的大脑需要„„figure out 表示“计算出来”find out表示“找到问题的解决办法”，point out表示“指出来”，turns out“结果是，表明”分别代入，D符合文意。A、B、C选项均不符合题意。
7、【答案】C workout
【解析】本题解题关键是划线部分前的and，前后意义一致，前半句讲的是脑力训练，后半句又出现了the right mental can improve „„， Workout 有锻炼练习的意思，符合题意，因此正确答案为C。response表示反应，roundabout有迂回的意思，association表示关系，关联。A、B、D选项带入题干均不符合题意。
8、【答案】D functions
【解析】本题考察的是动宾搭配：improve our cognitive 根据前文可以看出脑力训练可
以带来的是正向效果，而能代入划线处组成动宾搭配的只有B(标准)和D(功能)，根据上文意义可以确定答案为D。“适当的训练脑力能够改善我们基本的认知能力”。 A genre 表示类型和种类，C circumstances表示环境和情况，代入不符合逻辑。
9、【答案】C process
【解析】本句句意，思考是大脑中的神经连接____。根据常识，思考是一个过程，并且通过脑神经相互接触来完成，其他选项A channel 渠道、sequence 序列、condition条件，均不符合常识。因此正确答案是表示过程的C选项。
10、【答案】B excel
【解析】本句大致句意：我们„„的能力是与生俱来的。划线部分作为一个不定式作ability的后置定语，符合语境的词汇首选B(表现突出)，再根据后文信息：在建立联系上(即上文中指的思考)，结合起来可以理解为“有效进行思考的能力是与生俱来的”，合情合理，故为正确答案。A选项 feature表示“以„„为特征”， C选项persist 表示“坚持、持续”，
D believe表示“相信”，均不符合题意。
11、【答案】A However
【解析】本题需要填入的是一个副词，而且位于句首，因此考察的是句际关系。通过前后句意义来定答案，前一句强调智力是与生俱来的(inherited)，而后一句则认为是可以通过脑力活动(mental effort)会有所波动，两句意义明显相反，故正确答案为A。
12、【答案】B according to
【解析】本句理解为：智力可以脑力活动得到提升或出现波动。空格所在句出现并列连接词and,其前后所连接的词汇属性，意义应该一致。并列词之前提到made through effort, 之后提到fluctuate, mental effort，空格所缺少的词汇应该与through意义一致，分析四个选项，“代替”明显不符;“除„„之外”也不合适;“不管，不顾”也不合逻辑，只有B选项“根据，通过”符合题意。
13、【答案】A further
【解析】本题考察的是固定搭配：take it a step „„，分析四个选项，只有选项D不能搭配在一起，其他三项意义为A“采取进一步措施”;B“退一步”;C “让到一边去”;从逻辑关系来分析，and前后连接的词汇意义一致，其后提到develop，即开发大脑训练课程，那么and之前的动词含义也应该大致有此意，综合逻辑和句意，A符合题意。
14、【答案】D sharpness
【解析】本题考察的是动宾搭配：improve and regain sb’s mental „„，再根据前文一直讲如何提高“智力”，因此可以排除A模式;B稳定性。C灵活性;D锋利性，尖锐性，灵敏，敏锐，这两个选项容易混淆，C有一定的干扰性，通过英文的释义能够辨析出两者的本质区别，C flexibility意思为 the quality of being adaptable or variable; 而D sharpness意思为a quick and penetrating intelligence跟本文的主题智力一致，故选D。
15、【答案】C allows
【解析】空格所在句的意思是说这个网络课程可以_____系统地改善你的记忆力和注意力。而且此处需要填入的动词需要与to进行搭配。根据搭配关系直接排除A和B。本文的主题介绍的是使人聪明的脑力锻炼法，感情色彩是中性的，此处的D选项force排除，所以最恰当的是D。
16、【答案】B track
【解析】空格所在句的意思是说这个培训课程还可以_____学习进度，并且给予详尽的信息反馈。根据语境，空格缺少的词汇意义为跟踪学习进度，分析四个选项，直接排除A hold,
C order; 辨析B,D两个选项，与D选项的pace搭配的介词应该为with，即，keep pace with，所以排除，B选项为正确答案，keep track of 意思为跟踪。
17、【答案】D on
【解析】本题考查介词，空格所缺少的介词需要与动词provide相搭配，provide for供养，供给;provide ab with向。。。提供;provide sb/sth on 关于。。。提供。根据空格前后语境，本句意义为关于你的表现作出详细的反馈，四个选项中只有D有关于的意思。
18、【答案】A constantly
【解析】空格所在句的意思是说更加重要的是，它会_____调整并升级有关训练游戏。通过前后句的语境，所用词汇均为褒义词，所以，从感情色彩方面可以排除C，B习惯性的主语应该为人，直接排除。A经常的，B异乎寻常的代入，发现A比较符合题意。
19、【答案】D build
【解析】空格所在句的意思是说它会经常调整并升级有关训练游戏，以促进脑力的不断____。本题所缺少的动词需要与介词on 搭配，A put on 穿上，增加;B carry on 执行;C build on 在。。。基础上增加，构建;D take on 呈现;代入空格发现只有C适合，A,B,D都不与空格后面的development 相搭配。
20、【答案】D effective
【解析】本题涉及的是一个含不定式作后定的句子，所缺词汇为形容词修饰exercise routine，根据前后情感一致的逻辑，通过后面的不定式中的关键词increase寺和vary your muscle use等信息反推所需词汇为正向词汇，直接排除A和C，B是中性，只有D(有效的)符合逻辑，故为正确答案。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Text 1
21、【答案】B encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking
【解析】细节题。题干的问题是George Osborne的计划的目的是什么，答案定位在首段，文章开头第一句话就说明了George Osborne实施计划是为了“改善生活”，并且减少“依赖性”。紧接着第二句具体说明了计划的内容：只有失业的人带着个人简历来到职业中心，登记网上工作搜索，并且开始找工作才能有资格获得救济金。因此，我们可以得知这项计划的目的是鼓励求职者积极地寻找工作，而不是依赖政府提供救济金，B选项正好符合题意，为正确答案。
A选项“使得失业者更容易获得救济金”，意思正好和原文意思相反，属于反义干扰项，排除。C选项“促使失业者自动汇报(找工作的进展)”，与第一段最后一句“失业者应该每周汇报(找工作的进展)”的意思不符，排除。D选项“保障找工作人群获得救济金的合法权利”，原文并未提到“获得救济金的合法权利”这一细节，属于无中生有项，故排除。
22、【答案】C to register for an allowance from the government
【解析】词义题。猜测词义要放在文章的上下文语境中寻找答案，因此要把“sign on”放在文章的第二段中去理解具体含义。第二段的第二句提到“失业者将要等待七天才能获得求职者救济金”，紧接着第三句提到“最初的几天应该用来找工作，而不是sing on”，根据语境，并且结合第一段中提到了计划实施的目的就是鼓励失业者去积极寻找工作，我们可以得知，sign on的大致意思应该是“等待政府的救济金”。并且，sign on这个固定表达，本身就有“登记失业以便领取政府的救济款”之意，如果对这个固定词组有积累的话，答案可以直接定位在C选项。
A选项“核实求职中心是否有可以提供的工作”，B选项“接受政府对于救济金的限制”，D选项“参加一项政府的工作培训计划”都是文章中为提到的内容，并且和上文的语义没有连贯性，故都排除。
23、【答案】D A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers
【解析】细节题。题干的问题是什么促使英国大臣提出了该计划。根据题干可以直接定位第二段末句。可知，二段末句“What motivated him,„was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”--protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits”意思为“促使大臣提出该计划的原因是对于保持基本公平的热情，即保护纳税人，控制支出以及确保只有最有价值的申请人才能获得救济金。题干what prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme对应文中what motivated him。选项D中
A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers 是对原文his zeal for “fundamental fairness”--protecting the taxpayer的改写。
A选项期望所有人都过上更好的生活，是对第二段倒数第二句的改写，定位错误。B选项渴望保护失业者文中并未提到，C选项尽力对(救济金)申请人慷慨，文中并未提到。
24、【答案】A uneasy
【解析】细节题。题干的问题是失业的感受是什么样的，答案定位在文章的第三段。第三段的主要内容即描述失业人群的心理状态，本段多次提到了失业者的状态和心情，开头提到“失业是痛心的”，第二句也提到“经济方面是恐慌的”、“心理上感到尴尬”，继后还提到“养活自己和家庭、以及支付账单的重要收入消失了”。综上所述，可以得知失业使得人的心情不愉快，因此答案定位在A选项“忧虑的、心神不安的”。
B选项“愤怒的”，C选项“受到侮辱的”，D选项“内疚的”都不符合原文的意思，故排除。
25、【答案】D unemployment benefits should not be made conditional
【解析】观点态度题。根据全文最后一句“Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance”, conditional on actively seeking a job: no entitlement and no insurance, at ￡71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.”(相反,救济金申请人(在George Osborne的计划中)收到有时限的津贴,条件是积极寻求工作:没有权利,没有保险,每周为71.70欧元, 这是欧盟最吝啬的救济金之一。此外，根据全文脉络可推断作者态度，文中第一段George Osborn提出领取救济金的新计划。第二段阐述了制定该计划的原因。第三段介绍了失业者失业后很忧虑。
第四段告诉我们英国福利政策的基本原则：即使灾难发生，也绝不会让你渡过失业风险和无条件领取救济金。综上所述，忧虑的失业者原以为领取救济金避免失业风险，但是现在领取失业金是有条件的，是最吝啬的。由此可以判断作者观点应该为“失业者应该无条件领取失业救济金”，选项D为正确答案。
A选项“英国福利制度纵容了找工作人的懒惰”，文中并未提到。B选项“Osborne的改革将会减少失业风险”，文中提到了Osborne的改革和失业风险，但是并未表明该改革会减少失业风险，可排除。 C选项“找工作的人领取的救济金已经满足了真正的需求”，文中并未提到，也可排除。
Text 2
26、【答案】D the attraction of financial rewards
【解析】事实细节题。题目问的是“许多学生选择法律作为他们专业的原因是什么”，文章第二段第二句讲“The best lawyers made skyscrapers–full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools”，意思是说“最好的律师挣很多钱，吸引更多的学生纷纷进入法律学校”。[D] the attraction of financial rewards中的attraction对应句中的tempting，financial rewards对应full of money。
27、【答案】D pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.
【解析】事实细节题。题目问“以下哪一项额外增加了美国大多数州法律教育的成本”，文中第三段第三句讲“在美国大多数州成为律师只有一条路径：四年不相关学科(unrelated subject)的学士学位，在美国律师协会授权的200所法律学校中攻读三年以获得法律学位以
及准备律师资格考试费用昂贵，这使得普通的法律毕业生债台高筑”。综合来看，美国法律教育时间成本很高，且本科学位专业与法律不相关，额外增加了成本，故答案为[D] pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major，其中another major对应文中的unrelated subject。
28、【答案】A the rigid bodies governing the profession
【解析】题干问“法律体系改革的障碍源自于什么”。对应于文章第四段，四段首句谈到“法律体系改革”，第二句讲“明智的观点(sensible ideas)已经存在了很长时间，但是主管此专业的州级机构太保守了没能实施(too conservative to implement them)”，其核心问题来自于“the state-level bodies that govern the profession”，故答案为[A] the rigid bodies governing the profession。
29、【答案】B bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession
【解析】题目问“类似于行会的所有权体制被认为是限制性的，部分原因是什么”，文章第五段首句讲“费用高的另外一个原因是，限制性的类似于行会的所有权体制”，第二、三句对否定性的形容词restrictive进行解释，“除了哥伦比亚特区，非律师可能不会拥有法律公司的任何股份，这使得费用很高，改革缓慢”，故行会一样的所有权体制被认为是限制性的，部分原因是“禁止外人进入行业”，故答案为[B] bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession。
30、【答案】B a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.
【解析】题干问“作者在文章中主要讨论什么”，文章主要谈及美国法律行业出现的问题，即：法律教育的成本高，而改革的速度慢，末段提出了解决方案，故答案为[B] a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it。
Text 3
31、【答
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