考研英语历年真题

考研英语历年真题第一篇_2000-2016年考研英语历年真题和答案

2016考研英语一真题及答案完整版

SectionⅠUse of English

Directions:

Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A，B，C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)

In Cambodia, the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends, _1_ those of the young woman, but also a matchmaker. A young man can __2_ a likely spouse on his own andthen ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations, or the young man'sparents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in theselection. 4, a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5aspouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.

The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days, _ 7 _ by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and _ 8 _ prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony the bride’s and groom’s wrists, and 10 a candle around a circle of happily in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a new house nearby.

Divorce is legal and easy to 14 , but not common. Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each sprouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly-acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up: The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait ten months.

1.[A]by way of[B]on behalf of [C]as well as [D]with regard to

2.[A]adapt to [B]provide for [C]compete with [D]decide on

3.[A]close [B]renew [C]arrange [D]postpone

4.[A]Above all [B]In theory [C]In time [D]For example

5.[A]Although [B]Lest [C]After [D]Unless

6.[A]into [B]within [C]from [D]through

7.[A]since [B]but [C]or [D]so

8.[A]copy [B]test [C]recite [D]create

9.[A]folding [B]piling [C]wrapping [D]tying

10.[A]passing [B]lighting[C]hiding [D]serving

11. [A]meeting [B]collection [C]association [D]union

12. [A]grow [B]part [C]deal [D]live

13. [A]whereas [B]until [C]if [D]for

14. [A]obtain [B]follow [C]challenge [D]avoid

15. [A]isolated [B]persuaded [C]viewed [D]exposed

16. [A]whatever [B]however [C]whenever [D]wherever

17.[A]changed[B]brought [C]shaped[D]pushed

18.[A]withdrawn[B]invested[C]donated[D]divided

19. [A]breaks [B]warms [C]shows [D]clears

20.[A]so [B]while [C]once [D]in that

Text 1

France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runaways. The parliament also agreed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.

Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up

impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to death-as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure they must use to determine their individual worth.

The bans, if fully enforced,would suggest to women (and many men) that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly,they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques.

The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.

The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely more on peer pressure for enforcement.

In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.” The charter’s main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week (CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-shame method of compliance.

Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.

21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?

[A]New runways would be constructed.

[B]Physical beauty would be redefined.

[C]Websites about dieting would thrive.

[D]The fashion industry would decline.

22. The phrase “impinging on” (Line2, Para.2) is closest in meaning to

[A]heightening the value of.

[B]indicating the state of.

[C]losing faith in.

[D]doing harm to.

23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?

[A]New standards are being set in Denmark.

[B]The French measures have already failed.

[C]Models are no longer under peer pressure.

[D]Its inherent problems are getting worse.

24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for

[A]pursuing perfect physical conditions.

[B]caring too much about models’ character.

[C]showing little concern for health factors.

[D]setting a high age threshold for models.

25. Which of the following may be the best title of the text?

[A]A Challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals

[B]A Dilemma for the Starving Models in France

[C]Just Another Round of Struggle for Beauty

[D]The Great Threats to the Fashion Industry

Text 2

For the first time in history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family, Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what makes them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.

A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever.” It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air.” Hill’s pressures later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it. It needs constant guardianship.

At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation, even authorizing“off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.

The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are, in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents StirlingAckroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, with no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.

The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?

Development should be planned, not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative—the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain or Ireland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.

26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside____

[A]didn’tstart till the Shakespearean age.

[B]has brought much benefit to the NHS.

[C]is fully backed by the royal family.

[D]is not well reflected in politics.

27. According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now being____

[A]gradually destroyed.

[B]effectively reinforced.

[C]largely overshadowed.

[D]properly protected.

28. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3?

[A]Labour is under attack for opposing development.

[B]The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building.

[C]The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.

[D]Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.

29. The author holds that George Osborne’s preference____

[A]highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure.

[B]shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.

[C]stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.

[D]reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.

30. In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation of____

[A]the size of population in Britain.

[B]the political life in today’s Britain.

[C]the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.

[D]the town-and-country planning in Britain.

Text 3

“There is one and only one social responsibility of business,” wrote Milton Friedman,a Nobel prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Fiedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility (CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders money,things may not be absolutely clear-cut.New research suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies –at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.

The largest firms is America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR , according to an estimate by EPG,a consulting firm ,This could add value to their businesses in three ways.First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality.Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect way to donate to the good causes is helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect,” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.

Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three.

A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under America’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company's products as part of their investigations, they could be influenced only by the halo effect.

The study found that, among prosecuted firms, those with the most comprehensiveCSR programmes tendedto getmore lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firms' political influence, rather than their CSR stand,that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.

In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seen to influenced by a company’s record in CSR. "We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about 20% results in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials," says one researcher.

Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question of how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they decide their do-gooding policies. But at least have demonstrated that whencompanies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.

31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with

[A] tolerance

[B] skepticism

[C] uncertainty

[D]approval

32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company

[Al winning trust from consumers.

[B] guarding it against malpractices.

[C] protecting it from being defamed.

[D] raising the quality of its products.

33.Theexpression "more lenient" (Line 2, Para. 4)is closestin meaning to

[Al more effective.

[B] less controversial.

[C] less severe.

[D] more lasting.

34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company's CSR record

[Al has an impact on their decision.

[B] comes across as reliable evidence.

[C]increases the chance of being penalized.

[D] constitutes part of the investigation.

35. Which of the following is true of CSR, according to the last paragraph ?

[Al Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked.

[B]Thenecessaryamount of companies'spending on it is unknown.

[C] Companies' financial capacityforithasbeenoverestimated.

[D] Ithasbroughtmuchbenefittothebankingindustry.

Text 4

There will eventually come a day when The New York Times cases to publish stories on newsprint .Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future “the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.

Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside ,there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print .The infrastructure required to make a physical newspapers -printing presses .delivery truck -isn’t just expensive ;it’s excessive at a time when online-only competition don’t have the same set financial constraints . Readers are migrating away from print away,And although print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts revenue from print is still declining.

Overhead may be high and circulation lowe ,but rushing to eliminate its print editor would be a mistake ,says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.

Peretti says the Times shouldn't waste time getting of the print business, only if they go about doing it the right away “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them “he said, “but if you discontinue it, you're going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you."

Sometimes that's worth making a change anyway". Peretti gives example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. "It was seen as a blunder." he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the times? "l wouldn't pick year to end print."he said. “I would raise and make it into more of a legacy product.”

The most loyal costumer would still gel the product they favor. the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. "So if you're overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping," peretti said. "Then increase it at rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue." In other words, if you're going to print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year — more than twice as much as a digital-only subscription.

"It's a really hard thing to do and it's a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn't have a legacy business," Peretti remarked. "But we're going to have questions like that where we have things we're doing that don't make sense when the market.Change and the world changes. In those situations, it's better to be more aggressive than less aggressive."

36.The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due

[A]the high cost of operation.

[B]the pressure form its investors.

[C]the complaints form its readers

[D]the increasing online ad asles.

37.Peretti suggests that,in face of the present situation,the Times should

[A]seek new sources of readership.

[B]end the print edition for goog.

考研英语历年真题第二篇_1980—2013年历年考研英语真题集含答案(word版)

1980—2013年历年考研英语真题集含答案（word版）

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 ................................................................... - 11 -

Section Ⅰ Use of English ................................................................................................ - 11 - Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension ................................................................................ - 12 -

Part A .............................................................................................................................................. - 12 - Part B .............................................................................................................................................. - 18 - Section III Writing .............................................................................................................. - 21 -

Party A ............................................................................................................................................ - 21 - Part B .............................................................................................................................................. - 21 - 2013年考研英语真题答案 ....................................................................................................... - 22 -

Part A .................................................................................................................................. - 23 - Part B: (20 points) .............................................................................................................. - 23 - 2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 ................................................................... - 24 -

Section I Use of English ..................................................................................................... - 24 - Section II Reading Comprehension .................................................................................... - 25 -

Part A .............................................................................................................................................. - 25 - Part B .............................................................................................................................................. - 31 - Section III Writing .............................................................................................................. - 34 - Part A .............................................................................................................................................. - 34 - Part B .............................................................................................................................................. - 34 - 2012考研英语真题答案 ........................................................................................................... - 35 - 2011年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 ................................................................... - 45 -

Section I Use of English ..................................................................................................... - 46 - Section II Reading Comprehension .................................................................................... - 46 -

Part A .............................................................................................................................................. - 46 - Part B .............................................................................................................................................. - 51 - Part C .............................................................................................................................................. - 52 - Section Ⅲ Writing ............................................................................................................ - 53 -

Part A .............................................................................................................................................. - 53 - Part B .............................................................................................................................................. - 53 - 2011年考研英语真题答案 ....................................................................................................... - 53 -

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 ........................................................................60

Section I

Section II Use of English .................................................................................................60 Reading Comprehension .................................................................................62

Part A .................................................................................................................................................. 62

Part B .................................................................................................................................................. 68

Part C .................................................................................................................................................. 70

Section Ⅲ Writing .............................................................................................................71

Part A .................................................................................................................................................. 71

Part B .................................................................................................................................................. 71

2010年考研英语真题答案 ............................................................................................................72

2009年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 ........................................................................74

Section I

Section II Use of English .................................................................................................74 Reading Comprehension .................................................................................76

Part A .................................................................................................................................................. 76

Part B .................................................................................................................................................. 82

Part C .................................................................................................................................................. 84

Section Ⅲ Writing .............................................................................................................85

Part A .................................................................................................................................................. 85

Part B .................................................................................................................................................. 85

2009年考研英语真题答案 ............................................................................................................87

2008年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 ........................................................................89

Section I

Section II Use of English .................................................................................................89 Reading Comprehension .................................................................................91

Part A .................................................................................................................................................. 91

Part B .................................................................................................................................................. 97

Part C .................................................................................................................................................. 99 Section III Writing ........................................................................................................... 100

Part A ................................................................................................................................................ 100 Part B ................................................................................................................................................ 100 2008年考研英语真题答案 .......................................................................................................... 102 2007年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 ...................................................................... 104

Section I

Section II Use of English ............................................................................................... 104 Reading Comprehension ............................................................................... 107

Part A ................................................................................................................................................ 107 Part B .................................................................................................................................................114 Part C .................................................................................................................................................116 Section III Writing ........................................................................................................... 117

Part A .................................................................................................................................................117 Part B .................................................................................................................................................117 2007年考研英语真题答案 .......................................................................................................... 118 2006年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 ...................................................................... 120

Section I

Section II Use of English ............................................................................................... 120 Reading Comprehension ............................................................................... 123

Part A ................................................................................................................................................ 123 Part B ................................................................................................................................................ 130 Part C ................................................................................................................................................ 132 Section III Writing ........................................................................................................... 133

Part A ................................................................................................................................................ 133 Part B ................................................................................................................................................ 133 2006年考研英语真题答案 .......................................................................................................... 135 2005年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 ...................................................................... 137

Section I

Section II Use of English ............................................................................................... 137 Reading Comprehension ............................................................................... 140

Part A ................................................................................................................................................ 140 Part B ................................................................................................................................................ 147 Part C ................................................................................................................................................ 149 Section III Writing ........................................................................................................... 150

Part A ................................................................................................................................................ 150 Part B ................................................................................................................................................ 150 2005年考研英语真题答案 .......................................................................................................... 152 2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 ...................................................................... 154

Section I Listening Comprehension .............................................................................. 154

Section III Use of English ............................................................................................... 157 Reading Comprehension ............................................................................... 161

Part A ................................................................................................................................................ 161 Part B ................................................................................................................................................ 167 Section IV Writing ........................................................................................................... 169 2004年考研英语真题答案 .......................................................................................................... 170 2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 ...................................................................... 172

Section I Listening Comprehension .............................................................................. 172

Section III Use of English ............................................................................................... 175 Reading Comprehension ............................................................................... 179

Part A ................................................................................................................................................ 179

Section IV Writing ........................................................................................................... 186 2003年考研英语真题答案 .......................................................................................................... 188 2002年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 ...................................................................... 190

Section I Listening Comprehension .............................................................................. 190

Section III Use of English ............................................................................................... 194 Reading Comprehension ............................................................................... 198

Part A ................................................................................................................................................ 198 Part B ................................................................................................................................................ 205 Section IV Writing ........................................................................................................... 205 2002年考研英语真题答案 .......................................................................................................... 207 2001年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 ...................................................................... 209

Section I Structure and Vocabulary ............................................................................... 209

Section III

Section IV

Section V Cloze Test ...................................................................................................... 215 Reading Comprehension ............................................................................... 219 English-Chinese Translation .......................................................................... 226 Writing ........................................................................................................... 227 2001年考研英语真题答案 .......................................................................................................... 229 2000年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 ...................................................................... 231

Section I Structure and Vocabulary ............................................................................... 231

Part A ................................................................................................................................................ 231 Part B ................................................................................................................................................ 233 Part C ................................................................................................................................................ 234 Section II

Section III

Section IV

Section V Cloze Test ...................................................................................................... 239 Reading Comprehension ............................................................................... 240 English-Chinese Translation .......................................................................... 248 Writing ........................................................................................................... 249 2000年考研英语真题答案 .......................................................................................................... 250 1999年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 ...................................................................... 252

Section I Structure and Vocabulary ............................................................................... 252

Part A ................................................................................................................................................ 252

Part C ................................................................................................................................................ 255 Section II

Section III

Section IV

Section V Cloze Test ...................................................................................................... 259 Reading Comprehension ............................................................................... 261 English-Chinese Translation .......................................................................... 269 Writing ........................................................................................................... 269 1999年考研英语真题答案 .......................................................................................................... 271 1998年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 ...................................................................... 273

Section I Structure and Vocabulary ............................................................................... 273

Part A ................................................................................................................................................ 273 Part B ................................................................................................................................................ 275 Part C ................................................................................................................................................ 276 Section II

Section III

Section IV

Section V Cloze Test ...................................................................................................... 280 Reading Comprehension ............................................................................... 282 English-Chinese Translation .......................................................................... 290 Writing ........................................................................................................... 291 1998年考研英语真题答案 .......................................................................................................... 293 1997年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 ...................................................................... 295

Section I Structure and Vocabulary ............................................................................... 295

Part A ................................................................................................................................................ 295 Part B ................................................................................................................................................ 297 Part C ................................................................................................................................................ 298 Section II

Section III

Section IV

Section V Cloze Test ...................................................................................................... 302 Reading Comprehension ............................................................................... 304 English-Chinese Translation .......................................................................... 311 Writing ........................................................................................................... 312 1997年考研英语真题答案 .......................................................................................................... 314 1996年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题 ...................................................................... 316

Section I Structure and Vocabulary ............................................................................... 316

Part A ................................................................................................................................................ 316 Part B ................................................................................................................................................ 318 Part C ................................................................................................................................................ 319 Section II

Section III

Section IV

Section V Cloze Test ...................................................................................................... 323 Reading Comprehension

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考研英语历年真题 第一篇_2000-2016年考研英语历年真题和答案

考研英语历年真题 第二篇_1980—2013年历年考研英语真题集含答案(word版)

考研英语历年真题第一篇_2000-2016年考研英语历年真题和答案

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