用英语简单介绍中国 第一篇_中国简要的英语介绍
China in brief
Name of the
country
Capital city
Population The People's Republic of China Beijing 1295.33 million (by 2000) 1339.72million（by2010)
China has a territory area of 9.6 million square km, second to
Area Russia and Canada,with a sea area of about 4.73 million square
km.
Location In East Asia, border on the west Pacific Ocean
The National Flag of the PRC is a red rectangle emblazoned with five stars. The proportion of its length and height is 3 to 2. The upper left of the face of the Flag is studded with five yellow five-pointed stars. One of the stars is bigger than the others, with
National flag its circumcircle's diameter being three-tenth of the height of the
Flag, and is placed in the left; the other four stars are smaller, with their circumcircle's diameter being one-tenth of the height of the Flag, encircling the big star on its right in the shape of an arch.
March of the Volunteers (lines: Arise, those who do not want to be slaves! We will use our flesh and blood to build another Great Wall. China has reached the brink of national collapse. All the
National anthem people have been making their last outcry. Arise! Arise! Arise!
All our hearts become one. Let us face the enemy's gunfire. March on! Let us face the enemy's gunfire. March on! March on! March on! On!)
The National Emblem of the PRC features Tiananmen Gate beneath the five shining stars, encircled by ears of grain and
National Emblem with a cogwheel at the bottom. The ears of grain, stars,
Tiananmen and cogwheel are gold; the field within the circle is red, as are the ribbons festooning the bottom of the circle.
National flower
Peony
There are 56 ethnic groups in China. The Han people make up 92 percent of the country's total population, totaling 1159.4 Ethnic groups million; and the other 55 ethnic groups, 8 percent, totaling 106.43 million.
Of the 56 ethnic groups in China , the Hui and Manchu use the
Languages same language as Han people, while the rest groups have their
own spoken and written languages.
Written languages 23 ethnic groups have their own characters.
Religion
Main festivals Currency The main religions are Buddhism, Taoism, Islam, Christianity, and Catholicism. Chinese citizens' right of the freedom of religious belief is protected by the Constitution and laws. New Year's Day (January 1), the Spring Festival (the New Year's Day by Chinese lunar calendar), International Labor Day (May 1), and the National Day (October 1) Renminbi (RMB) yuan Time difference 8 hours earlier than the Greenwich Time Climate Topography Mountains Rivers Canal Lakes
History Most of the country is in the temperate zone, although geographically the country stretches from the tropical and subtropical zones in the south to the frigid zone in the north. High in its west and low in its east: mountain areas 33.3%, plateaus 26%, basins 18.8%, plains 12% and hills 9.9%. Among the 19 mountains over 7,000 meters high in the world, seven are in China. The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known as "the roof of the world", has many high mountains. The Himalayas, with an average elevation of 6,000 meters, have the world's highest peak Mount Qomolangma, 8,848 meters above sea level. The Yangtze River, 6,300 km long, is the third longest in the world after the Nile and the Amazon. The Yellow River, the second longest in China, stretching 5,464 km. The Grand Canal, 1,801 km long, is the longest man-made river in the world. Its cutting began in the fifth century BC. The Poyang Lake on the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is China's largest freshwater lake, with an area of 3583 sq. km; the Qinghai Lake on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the country's largest salt lake, covering 4583 sq. km. China is one of the world's oldest civilizations with a chronicled history of more than 5,000 years. China has gone over a long history of primitive society, slavery society, feudal society and semi-feudal semi-colonial society and the present socialist society. In 221 BC, Qinshihuang established the Qin Dynasty, the first feudal autocracy in Chinese history, thereby unveiling a 2,000-year period of feudalism which was to last through a succession of dynasties such as the Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing, a period which finally met its demise in the bourgeois democratic Revolution of 1911 by Dr. Sun Yat-sen. October 1, 1949 saw the founding of the People's Republic of China.
用英语简单介绍中国 第二篇_中国传统节日等简短的英语介绍
中国的传统节庆膳食是节日必不可少的伴侣。例如，我国的端午节(the Dragon Boat Festival)是纪念古代诗人屈原的日子。那一天，人们通常要赛龙舟、吃粽子(zongzi)。中秋节是观赏满月的日子。圆圆的月亮象征着圆满，象征着家庭团聚。因此，中秋节(The Mid-autumn Festival)的特制食品是一种圆形的月饼。春节是中国的农历新年(the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday)，除了常见的家禽和肉类之外，人们还要按各自的地方习俗烹制传统食物，如饺子和年糕。
Traditional Chinese holiday meals are indispensable on some festivals. For example, the Dragon Boat Festival is a day established in memory of the ancient poet Qu Yuan and people usually hold dragon boat races and eat zongzi, or rice dumpling on that day. The Mid-autumn Festival is an occasion for viewing the full moon. The round moon is a symbol for completeness and family reunion. The special food of the day is yuebing, a round cake known as the mooncake. The Spring Festival is the Chinese lunar New Year’s holiday. Besides the popular poultry and meat, people cook traditional food according to regional customs, for example, jiaozi, or boiled dumplings, and niangao, or the “ 1 ” new year cake .
难点精析
■ 1.中国的传统节庆膳食：翻译为Traditional Chinese holiday meals,其中“节庆膳食”直接译为holiday meals , 即可，翻译时注意“中国的”和“传统”的顺序。
2.纪念：翻译为介词短语in memory of,修饰前面的a day。
■ 3.赛龙舟：翻译为hold dragon boat races,其中hold意为“举行”，“举行龙舟比赛”即“赛龙舟”。
4.观赏满月：“满月”即fMlmoon,此处的“观赏”可以译为viewing,也可以用enjoying或watching表示。
5.象征着家庭团聚：“象征”翻译为系表结构is a symbol for,也可以用动词symbolize表示，“家庭团聚”翻译： 为 family reunion 即可。
北京有无数的胡同(hutong)。平民百姓在胡同里的生活给古都北京带来了无穷的魅力。北京的胡同不仅仅是平民百姓的生活环境，而且还是一门建筑艺术。通常，胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20 口人住。所以，胡同里的生活充满了友善和人情味。如今，随着社会和经济的飞速发展，很多胡同被新的高楼大厦所取代。但愿胡同可以保留下来。 参考答案
In Beijing, there are numerous hutongs. The life of common people in hutongs brings endless charm to the ancient capital, Beijing. The hutong in Beijing is not only the living environment of common people but also a kind of architecture. Usually, there is a courtyard complex inside hutong, with rooms shared by 4 to 10 families of about 20 people. Therefore, life in hutongs is full of friendliness and genuine humanity. Nowadays, with rapid social and economic development, many hutongs are replaced by new tall buildings. I hope hutongs can be preserved. 难点精析
1.带来了无穷的魅力：翻译为bring endless charm to。
2.汉语习惯于用并列的散句或短语来表达一个语境，而英文习惯上用整句表述，句内不太重要的信息会用 | 介词短语或从句来补充说明，如本段中“胡同内有一个大杂院，房间够4到10个家庭的差不多20口人住”是 ： 两个并列关系的汉语短句，翻译成英文时可将第二句用with介词结构表达出来，起补充说明的作用。
3.充满友善和人情味：翻译为full of friendliness and genuine humanity。
4.随着社会和经济的飞速发展：翻译为with rapid social and economic development，也是with介词短语的应用，在句中作伴随状语。
过去的七年，中国的房地产(real estate)业经历了前所未有的高速增长。对于那些月薪较低却渴望在大城市拥有一套属于自己的体面、舒适的栖身之所的人来说，高昂的房价是他们无法承受的负担。鉴于这一状况，政府近来采取了一系列的措施来防止房价过快增长，包括提高利率及增加房产税等。目前，这些措施在部分城市已经取得了初步的成效。
参考答案
In the past seven years, China’s real estate industry has developed in a record high speed. For those who earn less but are eager to own a decent and comfortable place of their own in a big city, the high housing price is a heavy burden that they cannot afford. For this reason, the government has taken a series of measures to prevent the housing price from rising too fast, including raising interest rates and increasing taxes on real estate etc. Presently, these measures have achieved initial effects in some cities.
难点精析
1.房地产业：翻译为real estate industry。
2.前所未有的高速增长：翻译为a record high speed。
3.鉴于这一状况：可以根据上下文的语境转译为for this reason。
4.采取一系列的措施：翻译为take a series of measures。
5.取得初步成效：翻译为achieve initial effects。
如今，越来越多的大学生抱怨很难找到好工作。造成这一现象的原因如下：首先，大学生把在校的大多数时间都用在了专业学科学习上，只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训。其次，大学生之间的竞争也越来越激烈，这导致任何一名大学生找到工作的机会都变小了。因此，强烈建议大学生在课余时间做一些兼职工作，以积累相关的工作经验。
参考答案
Nowadays, more and more university students complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job. The reasons for this phenomenon are as follows: First, college students spend most of their time at school studying academic subjects and it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training. Second, competition among graduates has become more and more fierce. And this results in a decreased chance for any individual graduate to find a job. Therefore, it is highly suggested that college students should do some part-time jobs in their spare time to accumulate relevant working experience.
难点精析
1.抱怨很难找到好工作：翻译为complain about having great difficulties in finding a good job。其中“抱怨做某事”用句型complain about doing sth.表示，having great difficulties in finding a good job表示“找工作有困难”，用到了句型have difficulties in doing sth.。
2.只有当他们开始找工作的时候，才意识到自己缺乏必要的职业培训：翻译为it is only when they start looking for a job that they realize they lack necessary job training。‘‘只有当 才 ’’用强调句型it is only when„that„表示。 ，
3.导致：翻译为results in,同义短语有lead to和bring about，但是表示不好的结果时一般用短语result in。
4.强烈建议：翻译为it is highly suggested that...，其中highly suggested也可以用 strongly recommended 替换，都表示“强烈建议做某事”。
5.积累相关的工作经验：翻译为accumulate relevant working experience.
剪纸(paper cutting)是中国最为流行的传统民间艺术形式之一。中国剪纸有一千五百多年的历史，在明朝 和清朝时期(the Ming and Qing Dynasties)特别流行。人们常用剪纸美化居家环境，特别是在春节和婚庆期间， 剪纸被用来装饰门窗和房间，以增加喜庆的气氛。剪纸最常用的颜色是红色，象征健康和兴旺。中国剪纸在世 界各地很受欢迎，经常被用作馈赠外国友人的礼物。
Paper cutting is one of China’s most popular traditional folk arts. Chinese paper cutting has a history of more than 1,500 years. It was widespread particularly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. People often beautify their homes with paper cuttings. During the Spring Festival and wedding celebrations, in particular, paper cuttings are used to decorate doors, windows and rooms in order to enhance the joyous atmosphere. The color most frequently used in paper cutting is red, which symbolizes health and prosperity. Chinese paper cutting is very popular around the world and it is often given as a present to foreign friends.
难点精析
1.传统民间艺术形式：翻译为traditional folk art,其中folk意为“民间的，民俗的”，art既可以表示“艺术”这一抽象概念，也可以表示具体的“艺术形式”，所以直接翻译为art即可，不必加form—词。【用英语简单介绍中国】
2.美化居家环境：“美化”即beautify，“居家环境”翻译成their homes即可，不要逐字生硬地翻译为home environment。
3.增加喜庆的气氛：翻译为enhance the joyous atmosphere。
4.象征健康和兴旺：翻译为which symbolizes health and prosperity,此处既可以用非限制性定语从句，也可以用分词形式symbolizing health and prosperity。
中国将进一步发展经济、扩大开放，这对 海外企业（enterprises）意味着更多的商机。 改革开放以来， 中国企业与海外企业一直 积极开展经济技术合作，并取得了巨大成 就。海外企业不仅帮助了中国企业的成长， 而且也在合作中获得了收益。中国政府将 继续提供有利的政策和条件，推动中国企 业与国外企业进一步开展合作。
China will develop its economy further and open itself wider to the outside world, which offers more business opportunities to overseas enterprises. Since China’s reform and opening up, Chinese enterprises have been cooperating with overseas enterprises in terms of economy and technology, and have scored great achievement. Overseas enterprises have not only helped Chinese enterprises with their growth, but also benefited from the cooperation. Chinese government will continue to offer favorable policies and conditions to promote the further cooperation between Chinese and overseas enterprises.【用英语简单介绍中国】
狮舞（Lion Dance）是中国最广为流传的民间
舞蹈之一。狮为百兽之首，在中国传统中，狮子被视 为是能带来好运的吉祥物（mascot）。古人将狮 子视作是勇敢和力量的化身，能驱赶邪恶、保护 人类。据记载，狮舞已拥有了2,000多年的历史。 在唐代（the Tang Dynasty），狮舞就已经被引入 了皇室。因此，舞狮成为元宵节（the Lantern Festival）和其他节日的习俗，人们以此来祈祷好 运、平安和幸福。
The Lion Dance is one of the most widespread folk dances in China. The lion is the king of animals. In Chinese tradition, the lion is regarded as a mascot, which can bring good luck. Ancient
people regarded the lion as a symbol of braveness and strength, which could drive away evil and protect humans. The dance has a recorded history of more than 2,000 years. During the Tang Dynasty, the Lion Dance was already introduced into the royal family of the dynasty. Therefore, performing the lion dance at the Lantern Festival and other festive occasions became a custom where people could pray for good luck, safety and happiness.
假日经济的现象表明：中国消费者的消费 观正在发生巨大变化。根据统计数据，中 国消费者的消费需求正在从基本生活必需 品转向对休闲、舒适和个人发展的需求。 同时，中国人的消费观在蓬勃发展的假日 经济中正变得成熟。因此产品结构应做相 应调整，来适应社会的发展。另一方面， 服务质量要改善，以满足人们提高生活质 量的要求。
The phenomenon of holiday economy shows that Chinese people’s consumption concept is undertaking great changes. According to statistics, the demands of Chinese consumers are shifting from the basic necessities of life to leisure, comfort and personal development. Therefore, the structure of products should be adjusted accordingly to adapt to social development. On the other hand, services should be improved to satisfy people’s demand for an improved quality of life.
端午节，又叫龙舟节，是为了纪念爱国诗 人屈原。屈原是一位忠诚和受人敬仰的大 臣（minister）,他给国家带来了和平和繁荣。 但最后因为受到诽谤（vilify）而最终投河自 尽。人们撑船到他自尽的地方，抛下粽子， 希望鱼儿吃粽子，不要吃屈原的身躯。几 千年来，端午节的特色在于吃粽子 （glutinous dumplings）和赛龙舟，尤其是 在一些河湖密布的南方省份。
The Duanwu Festival, also called the Dragon Boat Festival, is to commemorate the patriotic poet Qu Yuan. Qu Yuan was a loyal and highly esteemed minister, who brought peace and prosperity to the state but ended up drowning himself in a river as a result of being vilified. People got to the spot by boat and cast glutinous dumplings into the water, hoping that the fishes ate the dumplings instead of Qu Yuan’s body. For thousands of years, the festival has been marked by glutinous dumplings and dragon boat races, especially in the southern provinces where there are many rivers and lakes.
2013年6月20日在中国各地，剧估计60万儿童和他们 的老师观看了有宇航员（astronaut）王亚平在距离 地球300公里的上空所讲授的科学课。王亚平与两个 同事乘坐天宫一号实验舱(the Tiangon-1 laboratory module) 执行为期两周的任务。她在课上进行了一系 列太空的物理演示。在有些演示中还对比了在地球 上重力（one-gravity）环境下同样的实验。这堂物理 课不仅让孩子们享受了一堂知识与乐趣兼具的物理 课，也显示了我国通信科技的前进。 On June 20, 2013, an estimated 600 thousand school children and their teachers across China watched a science lesson taught from 300km above the Earth by astronaut Wang Yaping. Wang is aboard the Tiangong-1 laboratory module with two crewmates, for a two-week mission. Her lessons were a series of physics demonstrations in the space. In some demonstrations, she compared with the same experiment under the one-gravity environment on Earth. The lesson has not only offered children a physics lesson with knowledge and interest, but also shows the advance in communication technology of China.
用英语简单介绍中国 第三篇_用英语介绍中国
1. 元宵节： Lantern Festival 2. 刺绣：embroidery 3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival 4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day 5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting 6. 书法：Calligraphy 7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets 8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow 10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle 11. 战国：Warring States 12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl 14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department 15. 集体舞：Group Dance 16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau 17. 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals 18. 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day 19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate 20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture 21. 附属学校：Affiliated school 22. 古装片：Costume Drama 23. 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie 24. 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup) 25. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems 26. 火锅：Hot Pot 27. 四人帮：Gang of Four 28. 《诗经》：The Book of Songs 29. 素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education 30. 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 31. 大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement) 32. 《西游记》：The Journey to the West 33. 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 34. 针灸：Acupuncture 35. 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery
36. 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics 37. 偏旁：radical 38. 孟子：Mencius 39. 亭/阁： Pavilion/ Attic 40. 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises 41. 火药：gunpowder 42. 农历：Lunar Calendar
43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp 44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization 45. 京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera 46. 秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera 47. 太极拳：Tai Chi 48. 独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child 49. 天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing 50. 小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand 51. 红双喜：Double Happiness 52. 政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor 53. 春卷：Spring Roll(s) 54. 莲藕：Lotus Root 55. 追星族：Star Struck 56. 故宫博物院：The Palace Museum 57. 相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue 58. 下岗：Lay off/Laid off 59. 北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck 60. 高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education 61. 烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker 62. 敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves 63. 电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit 64. 香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao 65. 文化大革命：Cultural Revolution 66. 长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River 67. 门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match 68. 《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh 69. 中外合资企业：Joint Ventures 70. 文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）："The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone",
用英语简单介绍中国 第四篇_用英语介绍中国特色
用英语介绍中国特色.txt如果真诚是一种伤害，请选择谎言；如果谎言是一种伤害，请选择沉默；如果沉默是一种伤害，请选择离开。1.????? 元宵节： Lantern Festival
2.????? 刺绣：embroidery
3.????? 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival
4.????? 清明节：Tomb sweeping day
5.????? 剪纸：Paper Cutting
6.????? 书法：Calligraphy
7.????? 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets
8.????? 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters
9.????? 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow
10.? 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle
11.? 战国：Warring States
12.? 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen
13.? 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl
14.? 函授部：The Correspondence Department
15.? 集体舞：Group Dance
16.? 黄土高原：Loess Plateau
17.? 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals
18.? 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day
19.? 结婚证：Marriage Certificate
20.? 儒家文化：Confucian Culture
21.? 附属学校：Affiliated school
22.? 古装片：Costume Drama
23.? 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie
24.? 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)
25.? 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems
26.? 火锅：Hot Pot
27.? 四人帮：Gang of Four
28.? 《诗经》：The Book of Songs
29.? 素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education
30.? 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian
31.? 大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)
32.? 《西游记》：The Journey to the West
33.? 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival
34.? 针灸：Acupuncture
35.? 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery
36.? 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics
37.? 偏旁：radical
38.? 孟子：Mencius
39.? 亭/阁： Pavilion/ Attic
40.? 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises
41.? 火药：gunpowder
42.? 农历：Lunar Calendar
43.? 印/玺：Seal/Stamp
44.? 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization
45.? 京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera
46.? 秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera
47.? 太极拳：Tai Chi
48.? 独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child
49.? 天坛：Altar of? Heaven in Beijing
50.? 小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand
51.? 红双喜：Double Happiness
52.? 政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor
53.? 春卷：Spring Roll(s)
54.? 莲藕：Lotus Root
55.? 追星族：Star Struck
56.? 故宫博物院：The Palace Museum
57.? 相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue
58.? 下岗：Lay off/Laid off
59.? 北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck
60.? 高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education
61.? 烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker
62.? 敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves
63.? 电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit
64.? 香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao
65.? 文化大革命：Cultural Revolution
66.? 长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River
67.? 门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match
68.? 《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh
69.? 中外合资企业：Joint Ventures
70.? 文房四宝（笔墨纸砚）："The Four Treasure of the Study" "Brush, Inkstick, Paper, and Inkstone",
用英语简单介绍中国 第五篇_用英文介绍中国的历史文化
用英文介绍中国的历史文化（有中文翻译）
Area: 3,696,100 sq mi (9,572,900 sq km). Population (2004 est.): 1,298,848,000. Capital: Beijing. The Han, or ethnic Chinese, form more than nine-tenths of the population. Languages: dialects of Han Chinese, Mandarin being the most important. Religions: Buddhism, Islam, Protestantism, Roman Catholicism, Daoism (all legally sanctioned). Currency: renminbi (of which the unit is the yuan). China has several topographic regions. The southwestern area contains the Plateau of Tibet, which averages more than 13,000 ft (4,000 m) above sea level; its central area, averaging more than 16,000 ft (5,000 m) in elevation, is called "the Roof of the World." Higher yet are the border ranges, the Kunlun Mountains to the north and the Himalayas to the south. China's northwestern region stretches from Afghanistan to the northeastern Manchurian Plain. The Tien Shan ("Celestial Mountains") separate China's two major interior basins, the Tarim Basin (containing the Takla Makan Desert) and the Junggar Basin. The Mongolian Plateau contains the southernmost part of the Gobi Desert. The lowlands of the eastern region include the Sichuan Basin, which runs along the Yangtze River (Chang Jiang). The eastern region is divided into northern and southern parts by the Yangtze. The Tarim is the major river in the northwest. China's smallest watershed, in the southwest, provides headwaters for the Brahmaputra, Salween, and Irrawaddy rivers. Its many other rivers include the Xi, Sungari (Songhua), Zhu (Pearl), and Lancang, which becomes the Mekong in Southeast Asia. The discovery of Peking man in 1927 (see Zhoukoudian) dates the advent of early hominids to the Paleolithic Period. Chinese civilization probably spread from the Huang He (Yellow River) valley, where it existed с 3000 BC. The first dynasty for which there is definite historical material is the Shang (с 17th century BC), which had a writing system and a calendar. The Zhou, a subject state of the Shang, overthrew its Shang rulers in the 11th century and ruled until the 3rd century BC. Daoism and Confucianism were founded in this era. A time of conflict, called the Warring States period, lasted from the 5th century until 221 BC. Subsequently the Qin (Ch'in) dynasty (from whose name China is derived) was established, after its rulers had conquered rival states and created a unified empire. The Han dynasty was established in 206 BC and ruled until AD 220. A time of turbulence followed, and Chinese reunification was not achieved until the Sui dynasty was established in 581. After the founding of the Song dynasty in 960, the capital was moved to the south because of northern invasions. In 1279 this dynasty was overthrown and Mongol (Yuan) domination began. During this time Marco Polo visited Kublai Khan. The Ming dynasty followed the period of Mongol rule and lasted from 1368 to 1644, cultivating antiforeign feelings to the point that China closed itself off from the rest of the world. Peoples from Manchuria overran China in 1644 and established the Qing (Manchu) dynasty. Ever-increasing incursions by Western and Japanese interests led in the 19th century to the Opium Wars, the Taiping Rebellion, and the Sino-Japanese War, all of which weakened the Manchu. The dynasty fell in 1911, and a republic was proclaimed in 1912 by Sun Yat-sen. The power struggles of warlords weakened the republic. Under Chiang Kai-shek, some national unification was achieved in the 1920s, but Chiang soon broke with the communists, who then formed their own armies. Japan invaded northern China in 1937; its occupation lasted until 1945 (see Manchukuo). The communists gained support after the Long March (1934?C35), in which Mao Zedong emerged as their leader. Upon Japan's surrender at the end of World War II, a fierce civil war began; in 1949 the Nationalists fled to Taiwan, and the communists proclaimed the People's Republic of China. The communists undertook extensive reforms, but pragmatic policies alternated with periods of revolutionary upheaval, most notably in the Great Leap Forward and the
Cultural Revolution. The anarchy, terror, and economic paralysis of the latter led, after Mao's death in 1976, to a turn to moderation under Deng Xiaoping, who undertook economic reforms and renewed China's ties to the West. The government established diplomatic relations with the U.S. in 1979. Since the late 1970s the economy has been moving from central planning and state-run industries to a mixture of state-owned and private enterprises in manufacturing and services, in the process growing dramatically and transforming Chinese society. The Tiananmen Square incident in 1989 was a challenge to an otherwise increasingly stable political environment after 1980. In 1997 Hong Kong reverted to Chinese rule, as did Macau in 1999.
中国 [China] 正式名称中华人民共和国。
> 位于北半球，亚洲东部，太平洋西岸。陆地面积约960万平方千米，仅次于俄罗斯和加拿大，居世界第3位。陆地疆界长2万多千米。接壤的国家有朝鲜、俄罗斯、蒙古、哈萨克斯坦、吉尔吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、阿富汗、巴基斯坦、印度、尼泊尔、不丹、缅甸、老挝和越南。大陆海岸线长约1.8万千米。与韩国、日本、菲律宾、马来西亚、文莱和印度尼西亚隔海相望。领土北至黑龙江主航道中心线，南到曾母暗沙，最东端在黑龙江及其支流乌苏里江汇合处，最西端在新疆西境帕米尔高原喀拉湖东岸。共跨5个时区(东五区到东九区)。中国在渤海、黄海、东海和南海中有5,000个以上的岛、礁、沙和滩，其海岸线总长度约 1.4万千米。其中以台湾岛最大，面积35,780平方千米；海南岛次之，面积32,200平方千米；群岛有庙岛群岛、长山群岛、舟山群岛、钓鱼岛列岛以及南海诸岛等。中国行政区划按盛自治区、直辖市、特别行政区划分。省、自治区分为自治州、县、自治县、市，县、自治县分为乡、民族乡、镇。至2004年，共设有北京、天津、上海和重庆4个中央直辖市，河北、山西、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、山东、江苏、安徽、浙江、江西、福建、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、海南、陕西、甘肃、青海、四川、贵州、云南和台湾23个省，内蒙古自治区、新疆维吾尔自治区、宁夏回族自治区、广西壮族自治区和西藏自治区5个自治区，以及香港和澳门2个特别行政区。中国人口13亿(2004)，是世界人口最多的国家。人口分布不均衡，主要集中于沿海地区。中国共有汉、壮、满、回、苗、维吾尔、彝、土家、蒙古、藏等56个民族。其中汉族占91.9％，主要分布在平原和沿海地区，少数民族主要集聚于东北、西北、西南省区。主要宗教为道教、佛教、伊斯兰教、基督教等。中国是社会主义国家，首都在北京。国家权力机关是全国和地方各级人民代表大会；国家设立国家主席和副主席、中央军事委员会；国务院和地方各级人民政府是国家权力的执行机关；全国人民代表大会是最高国家权力机关，全国人大和全国人大常务委员会行使立法权；国务院为最高国家行政机关，实行总理负责制。中央军事委员会为中国最高军事机构，领导中国人民解放军、中国人民武装警察部队、民兵等。中国地貌格局由中生代燕山运动奠定。在新生代喜马拉雅运动中，印度板块和太平洋板块分别从西南部和东部俯冲到欧亚板块之下，形成现在的高原、盆地、山系交错的基本地貌格局。地势西高东低，呈三级阶梯状分布。青藏高原是第一阶梯，海拔在4,000～5,000米以上，素有“世界屋脊”之称。中国、尼泊尔边界的喜马拉雅山主峰珠穆朗玛峰海拔8,848.13米，是世界最高峰。第二阶梯由一系列海拔1,000～2,000米的高原和盆地组成。再向东到海滨是第三阶梯，由低山丘陵和平原组成。境内地貌以山地和高原为主，约占总面积的66％，平原约占12％。在纬度、海陆位置、大气环流和地形制约下，中国气候可分为东部季风区、西北部内陆干旱区、青藏高原高寒区。其中西南季风、东南季风、高原季风影响明显。基本上表现为冬季寒冷干燥，夏季高温多雨，年降水量由东南沿海向西北内陆递减。西北干旱区冬寒夏热，年降水量几乎都在400毫米以下。青藏高原高寒区风大而干燥，日照强，多冰川和积雪分布。中国江河众多，河流总长43万千米。流域面积100平方千米的河流有5万多条，其中长江、黄河分别为中国的第一、第二大河，京杭运河为著名的人工河。西北多内流河，如塔里木河。中国有2,800多个面积在1平方千米以上的湖泊，其中青海湖
面积最大。淡水湖主要集中在长江中、下游地区，如洞庭湖、鄱阳湖、巢湖、太湖等。中国森林覆盖率16.55％(2003)，林区主要集中于东北和西南地区。物种丰富，共拥有维管束植物353科、3,184属、2.715万种。陆栖脊椎动物2,111种，其中两栖类196种，爬行类315种，鸟类 1,166种，兽类414种。现存孑遗植物种属有：银杏、水杉、银杉、金钱松、珙桐、喜树、观光木等。珍稀动物有大熊猫、金丝猴、台湾猴、丹顶鹤、扬子鳄等。中国探明矿种有148个，其中铀、钨、钼、稀土、钛、汞、铅、锌、铁、金、银、硫、磷、石墨、萤石、菱镁等储量居世界重要地位。煤炭储量约占世界煤炭地质总储量的12％，石油和天然气主要分布在内陆盆地和沿海大陆架。中国的水能蕴藏量为6.76亿千瓦，其中可供开发的3.7亿千瓦，居世界第1位。中华人民共和国建立后，逐步形成了独立的比较完整的经济体系。中国经济是具有中国特色的社会主义市场经济。在所有制结构上，以公有制为主体，个体经济、私营经济、中外合资、中外合作、外国独资等多种经济成分并存。2003年全年国内生产总值116,694亿元，其中第一产业产值17,247亿元，第二产业产值 61,778亿元，第三产业产值37,669亿元。至2003年，中国铁路营运里程7.3万千米，初步形成了“八纵八横”的铁路运输网；公路通车里程 180万千米；沿海主要港口共有泊位约1,800个，其中万吨级泊位530多个。上海、深圳、青岛、天津、广州、厦门、宁波、大连等港口已进入集装箱港口世界50强。中国是文明古国。有文字记载的历史长达4,000多年。原始群居生活的标志有元谋人、蓝田人、北京人、山顶洞人。氏族公社时期有代表性的仰韶文化、龙山文化、河姆渡文化、大汶口文化。先秦是中国历史上自原始社会进入文明社会的重要阶段。公元前21世纪，夏朝建立，使家庭、私有制、阶级和国家成为现实，标志着中国文明社会的开始。奴隶社会经历夏、商、西周，在春秋战国演进成封建社会。公元前221年，秦始皇统一中国，建立了中国历史上第一个中央集权的统一的多民族的国家——秦(前221～前206)，宣布自己为始皇帝，确立父传子的世袭制度。继秦之后，汉高祖刘邦和汉光武帝刘秀相继建立西汉(前 206～公元25)和东汉(25～220)，统称汉。东汉末年豪强酿成封建割据的局面，历经三国(220～280)、西晋(265～316)、东晋 (317～420)、南北朝(386～589)。三国时魏、蜀、吴鼎足天下，东晋时十六国纷争不已，南北朝时南朝与北朝长期对峙。581年杨坚建立隋朝。 618年，唐高祖李渊建立唐朝(618～907)。907年朱温篡唐为梁(后梁)，是五代(907～960)之始；同期，南方出现了并列或相继的9个小国，和北方1个小国合称十国(902～979)。960年宋太祖赵匡胤发动陈桥兵变，代后周立宋(960～1279)，结束了五代十国的分裂局面。同期，契丹人建立辽(947～1125)；党项人建立西夏国(1038～1227)。1115年，女真人建立金国(1115～1234)。金于1125年灭辽， 1127年攻入宋都开封，北宋灭亡。宋高宗赵构即位，为南宋。1206年成吉思汗在漠北建立大蒙古国，先后灭西夏(1227)、灭金(1234)，兵锋直逼孛烈儿(今波兰)、马扎儿(今匈牙利)以及巴格达、大马士革城等地。1260年元世祖忽必烈即位，1271年改国号大元，1279年灭南宋，1368年元朝结束。明太祖朱元璋立国，明中叶后，中国曾受日本、西班牙、葡萄牙、荷兰等国侵扰。1616年清太祖努尔哈赤建后金，1636年皇太极改国号为清，经济在康熙、雍正、乾隆年间达到鼎盛时期。此后外国列强不断通过战争对中国进行掠夺，迫使清政府签订了一系列不平等条约。随后曾国藩、左宗棠、李鸿章和弈欗掀起洋务运动；西方文化的传入和影响，导致资产阶级改良和维新运动相继出现。1911年孙中山领导的辛亥革命推翻了清王朝，1912年建立了中华民国，但很快被袁世凯等北洋军阀篡夺。1921年7月，中国共产党在上海建立。1926年6月国民政府任命蒋介石为国民革命军总司令，誓师北伐。1928年北洋政府宣告结束。1927年蒋介石、汪精卫先后发动“四一二”政变和“七一五”政变，国民革命失败。同年中国共产党领导了南昌、秋收和广东起义，后经过土地革命战争(1927～1937)、抗日战争(1937～1945)、解放战争(1945～1949)。1949年10月1日中华人民共和国成立。
用英语简单介绍中国 第六篇_用英语介绍中国特色
1. 元宵节： Lantern Festival
2. 刺绣：embroidery [im'brɔidəri]
3. 重阳节：Double-Ninth Festival
4. 清明节：Tomb sweeping day
5. 剪纸：Paper Cutting
6. 书法：Calligraphy
7. 对联：(Spring Festival) Couplets
8. 象形文字：Pictograms/Pictographic Characters
9. 人才流动：Brain Drain/Brain Flow
10. 四合院：Siheyuan/Quadrangle
11. 战国：Warring States
12. 风水：Fengshui/Geomantic Omen
13. 铁饭碗：Iron Bowl
14. 函授部：The Correspondence Department
15. 集体舞：Group Dance
16. 黄土高原：Loess Plateau
17. 红白喜事：Weddings and Funerals
18. 中秋节：Mid-Autumn Day
19. 结婚证：Marriage Certificate
20. 儒家文化：Confucian Culture
21. 附属学校：Affiliated school
22. 古装片：Costume Drama
23. 武打片：Chinese Swordplay Movie
24. 元宵：Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup)
25. 一国两制：One Country, Two Systems
26. 火锅：Hot Pot
27. 四人帮：Gang of Four
28. 《诗经》：The Book of Songs
29. 素质教育：Essential-qualities-oriented Education
30. 《史记》：Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian
31. 大跃进：Great Leap Forward (Movement)
32. 《西游记》：The Journey to the West
33. 除夕：Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival
34. 针灸：Acupuncture
35. 唐三彩：Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery
36. 中国特色的社会主义：Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics
37. 偏旁：radical
38. 孟子：Mencius【用英语简单介绍中国】
39. 亭/阁： Pavilion/ Attic
40. 大中型国有企业：Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises
41. 火药：gunpowder
42. 农历：Lunar Calendar
43. 印/玺：Seal/Stamp
44. 物质精神文明建设：The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization
45. 京剧：Beijing Opera/Peking Opera
46. 秦腔：Crying of Qin People/Qin Opera
47. 太极拳：Tai Chi
48. 独生子女证：The Certificate of One-child
49. 天坛：Altar of Heaven in Beijing
50. 小吃摊：Snack Bar/Snack Stand
51. 红双喜：Double Happiness
52. 政治辅导员：Political Counselor/School Counselor
53. 春卷：Spring Roll(s)
54. 莲藕：Lotus Root
55. 追星族：Star Struck
56. 故宫博物院：The Palace Museum
57. 相声：Cross-talk/Comic Dialogue
58. 下岗：Lay off/Laid off
59. 北京烤鸭：Beijing Roast Duck
60. 高等自学考试：Self-taught Examination of Higher Education
61. 烟花爆竹：fireworks and firecracker
62. 敦煌莫高窟：Mogao Caves
63. 电视小品：TV Sketch/TV Skit
64. 香港澳门同胞：Compatriots from Hong Kong and Macao
65. 文化大革命：Cultural Revolution
66. 长江中下游地区：The Mid-low Reaches of Yangtze River
67. 门当户对：Perfect Match/Exact Match
68. 《水浒》：Water Margin/Outlaws of the Marsh
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