高考理科必记

时间:2018-02-08    来源:私藏美文    点击:

高考理科必记 第一篇_高中理科数学必背公式

高中数学必背公式、常用结论

一.二次函数和一元二次方程、一元二次不等式

1.二次函数yax2bxc的图象的对称轴方程是x

b

,顶点坐标是2a

b4acb22a4a。 

2.实系数一元二次方程ax2bxc0的解:

b①若b4ac0,

则x1,22a

2

2

②若b4ac0,则x1x2

b; 2a

③若b24ac0,它在实数集R内没有实数根;在复数集C内有且仅有两个共轭复

2

数根xb4ac0).

3.一元二次不等式2

解的讨论:

二、指数、对数函数 1.运算公式 ⑴分数指数幂:a

mn

a

mn

1a

mn

(以上a0,m,nN,且n1).

1

⑵.指数计算公式:aaa

mnmn

; (am)namn;(ab)mambm

⑶对数公式:①abNlogaNb; ②logaMNlogaMlogaN;

Mn

logaMlogaN; ④logambnlogab. Nm

logmNlogN

⑷.对数的换底公式:logaN.对数恒等式:aaN.

logma

③loga2.指数函数

yax(a0且a1)的图象和性质

3.对数函数ylogax,(a0,a1)的图象和性质

1x0,,yR

(2) 当x=1时,y=0;

(3)当x>1时,y>0, 0< x <1时,y<0;

(3)当x>1时,y<0, 0< x <1时,y>0;

4)在(0,+ )上是增函数 (4)在(0,+

2

三.常见函数的导数公式:

1. ①C'0;②(xn)'nxn1;③(sinx)'cosx;④(cosx)'sinx;

'

⑤(ax)'axlna;⑥(ex)'ex;⑦(logax)

11'

;⑧(lnx) 。 xlnax

uuvuv

2.导数的四则运算法则:(uv)uv;(uv)uvuv;(); 2

vv

 3.复合函数的导数:yxyuux;

四.三角函数相关的公式:

1.⑴角度制与弧度制的互化:弧度180,1

180

弧度,1弧度(

180

)5718'

11

⑵弧长公式:lR;扇形面积公式:SlRR2。

22

2.三角函数定义:角终边上任一点(非原点)P(x,y),设|OP|r 则:sin

yx

,cos,tany rrx

3.三角函数符号规律:一全正,二正弦,三正切,四余弦;(简记为“全s t c”)

4.诱导公式记忆规律:“奇变偶不变,符号看象限” 5.⑴yAsin(x) 对称轴:令xk

2

,得x; 对称中心:

(

k

,0)(kZ); 

⑵yAcos(x) 对称轴:令xk,得x

k

k

;对称中心:

2



(

,0)(kZ);

⑶周期公式:①函数yAsin(x)及yAcos(x)的周期T为常数,

且A≠0).②函数yAtanx的周期T6.同角三角函数的基本关系:sin2xcos2x1;7.三角函数的单调区间及对称性: ⑴ysinx的单调递增区间为2k

2

(A、ω、

(A、ω、为常数,且A≠0). 

sinx

tanx cosx



2

,2k



2

kZ,单调递减区间为

3

xk(kZ),对称中心为,对称轴为2k,2kkZ222

k,0(kZ).

3

⑵ycosx的单调递增区间为2k,2kkZ,单调递减区间为

2k,2kkZ,

对称轴为xk(kZ),对称中心为k⑶ytanx的单调递增区间为k



,0(kZ). 2



2

,k



kZ,对称中心为2

k

,0kZ. 2

8.两角和与差的正弦、余弦、正切公式:

①sin()sincoscossin;cos()coscossinsin;

tantan

.

1tantan

②sin()sin()sin2sin2;cos()cos()cos2sin2. tan()

③asin

bcos)(其中,辅助角所在象限由点(a,b)所在的象限

b

). a

2

9.二倍角公式:①sin22sincos.(sincos)12sincos1sin2

2222

②cos2cossin2cos112sin(升幂公式).

1cos21cos2

cos2,sin2(降幂公式).

22

决定,tan10.正、余弦定理: ⑴正弦定理:

abc

2R (2R是ABC外接圆直径 ) sinAsinBsinC

注:①a:b:csinA:sinB:sinC;②a2RsinA,b2RsinB,c2RsinC;

abcabc

。 sinAsinBsinCsinAsinBsinC

2

2

2

b2c2a2

⑵余弦定理:abc2bccosA等三个;cosA等三个。【高考理科必记】

2bc 111

ahabhbchc(ha、hb、hc分别表示222

111

a、b、c边上的高);②SabsinCbcsinAcasinB.

222

11.几个公式:⑴三角形面积公式:①S

五。立体几何

1.表(侧)面积与体积公式:

⑴柱体:①表面积:S=S侧+2S底;②侧面积:S侧=2rh;③体积:V=S底h ⑵锥体:①表面积:S=S侧+S底;②侧面积:S侧=rl;③体积:V=

1

S底h: 3

4

⑶台体:①表面积:S=S侧+S上底S下底;②侧面积:S侧=(rr')l;③体积:V=13

(S+SS'S')h;

⑷球体:①表面积:S=4R2;②体积:V=43

R3

.

2.空间中平行的判定与性质: 1)、直线和平面平行:

⑴定义:若直线与平面没有公共点,则直线与平面平行。

⑵判定定理:若a,a且a‖a,则a‖; 若且a则有a ⑶性质定理:a‖.且a,l则al 2)、平面与平面平行的判定与性质:

⑴定义:如果两个平面没有公共点则称两个平面平行。 ⑵判定定理:若a,b且a,b则。

若a,b,a,b且aa,bb则。 ⑶性质定理:若,a,b则有a‖b 3.空间中垂直的判定与性质: 1)、直线与平面垂直:

⑴定义:设l为平面内的任意一条直线,al,则a。 ⑵判定定理:若a,b,abP,且la,lb,则l。 若ab,b则a ⑶性质定理:若l1,l2 则l1l2。 2)、平面与平面垂直:

⑴定义:如果两个平面所成的二面角的平面角为900

,则称这两个平面互相垂直。 ⑵判定定理:若l,l,则有。

⑶性质定理:若,l,a且al,则l。 若,,l则l。

六.解析几何: 1.斜率公式:k

y2y1

xx,其中P1(x1,y1)、P2(x2,y2).

21

5

高考理科必记 第二篇_高考必记短语

高考英语必记句子30句 当时,那位出租车司机别无选择,只能求助于游客。

2.We have to take environmental protection into consideration when developing the economy.发展经济的同时,我们必须考虑保护环境。

3. As is known to all,“Too much work without play makes Jack a dull boy”.Therefore,no matter how busy a person is,he is supposed to find some time to relax himself.

众所周知,“只学习不玩耍聪明的孩子也变傻。”因此,不管一个人有多忙,他都应该抽一些时间放松自己。

4.Beijing Normal University.

被北师大录取了,他很高兴。

5.Children should 孩子们应对老师表示尊敬。

6.On one hand,they encourage us to get fully developed,but on the other hand,they wish us to devote all our time to studying our lessons.

他们一方面鼓励我们全面发展,可另一方面却又希望我们将时间全都用在学习功课上。

7.Undoubtedly,,毫无疑问,合理的饮食不仅能帮你减肥,而且能让你保持健康,过上更加积极、快乐和健康的生活。

9.When it comes to me,I feel that we students should not pay much attention to our appearance.就我而言,我认为我们学生不应该过多地关注我们的外表。

10. Only by practising a lot can we learn our English well enough to communicate with foreigners. 只有多练习我们才能学好英语与外国人交流。

11.As far as I'm concerned,these traditional festivals should be remembered for ever not only by our generation but also by our children.

我认为,这些传统的节日不仅我们这一代要记住而且我们的孩子也要记住。

12.For the sake of people's health and happiness,measures should be taken to control and prevent pollution and everyone should make a contribution to it.

为了人们的健康和幸福,应当采取措施阻止污染,每个人都应为此做出贡献。

13.What's more,sports let their brains relax so that they can improve the efficiency of study. 而且,运动让他们的大脑放松从而提高了学习效率。

14.There is no need to worry too much about the results as long as we study hard every day and make careful plans for the examination.

只要我们认真学习,制定好计划,就没有必要过于担心考试结果。

15.I'm writing the letter in the hope that you can consider these problems and make some improvements.

我给您写这封信就是希望您能够考虑到我提到的这些问题,同时给予改进。

16.Whatever happens,however tough it is,we shouldn't give in to fate.

不管发生什么、不管多么艰辛,我们都决不屈从于命运。

17.If everyone is willing to protect and contribute to the environment,what a beautiful and lovely world it will be.

1

如果每个人都乐于为环保做出贡献,那将是一个多么美丽可爱的世界。

18.Just as the old saying goes,diligence leads to success while laziness results in failure. 正如谚语所说,勤奋使人成功而懒惰导致失败。

19.As far as I am concerned,games play an important part in children's education. 我认为,游戏在儿童教育中起重要作用。

20.They think,for one thing,it can make more people care about education;for another,those top students can and do set good examples to the rest of the students.

支持者认为,一方面它可以促进社会对教育的重视,另一方面那些尖子生可以为其他学生树立良好的榜样。

21.It is believed (that) reading increases our knowledge and broadens our mind.

人们相信,阅读增加我们的知识,开阔我们的视野。

22.It's high time (that) the government should take effective measures to stop such things on security happening again. 政府该采取有效措施来阻止这类安全事件再次发生了。

23.As can be seen in the pictures,there are three ways of communication,of which I like communication by computer most.

从图片中可以看到三种交际方式,其中我最喜欢用电脑交流。

24.When it comes to me,I don't consider it is proper to carry mobile phones to class. 至于我,我觉得我们上课的时候不应该带手机。

25.Faced with this,we can find a proper time to have a heart-to-heart talk with them,trying to remove the misunderstanding.

面对这样的问题,我们得找个合适的时间与他们倾心交流,努力排除误解。

26.With the development of our economy,the environment

is being damaged greatly,and at the same time,the natural resources will be running out some day,so building up an economized society is a must in China.

随着经济的发展,环境正在遭受巨大的破坏,同时自然资源总有一天会耗尽,因而在中国建设节约型社会是必要的。

27.We can take advantage of the Internet on learning and working instead of playing games or chatting.

我们应该利用网络学习和工作,而不是玩游戏和聊天。

28.Faced with difficulties,they never give up but try their best to find a way out.

面对困难,他们从不放弃,而是努力寻找出路。

29.On the other hand,everyone in the world should be called on to save every drop of water,otherwise the last drop of water would be our teardrop.另一方面,应号召每一个人节约每一滴水,否则地球上的最后一滴水将会是我们自己的眼泪。

30.With the development of economy,our life has greatly changed and our living conditions are getting better and better.

随着经济的发展,我们的生活发生了巨大的改变,我们的生活条件也越来越好。

2

高考英语必记句子30句检测

当时,那位出租车司机别无选择,只能求助于游客。

发展经济的同时,我们必须考虑保护环境。

众所周知,“只学习不玩耍聪明的孩子也变傻。”因此,不管一个人有多忙,他都应该抽一些时间放松自己。

4.被北师大录取了,他很高兴。

他们一方面鼓励我们全面发展,可另一方面却又希望我们将时间全都用在学习功课上。 7. 毫无疑问,合理的饮食不仅能帮你减肥,而且能让你保持健康,过上更加积极、快乐和健康的生活。

就我而言,我认为我们学生不应该过多地关注我们的外表。

10. 只有多练习我们才能学好英语与外国人交流。

11.我认为,这些传统的节日不仅我们这一代要记住而且我们的孩子也要记住。

12.为了人们的健康和幸福,应当采取措施阻止污染,每个人都应为此做出贡献。

而且,运动让他们的大脑放松从而提高了学习效率。

14.只要我们认真学习,制定好计划,就没有必要过于担心考试结果。

15.我给您写这封信就是希望您能够考虑到我提到的这些问题,同时给予改进。

3

不管发生什么、不管多么艰辛,我们都决不屈从于命运。

17.如果每个人都乐于为环保做出贡献,那将是一个多么美丽可爱的世界。

18.正如谚语所说,勤奋使人成功而懒惰导致失败。

19.我认为,游戏在儿童教育中起重要作用。

20.支持者认为,一方面它可以促进社会对教育的重视,另一方面那些尖子生可以为其他学生树立良好的榜样。

21. 人们相信,阅读增加我们的知识,开阔我们的视野。

22.政府该采取有效措施来阻止这类安全事件再次发生了。

23.从图片中可以看到三种交际方式,其中我最喜欢用电脑交流。

24.至于我,我觉得我们上课的时候不应该带手机。

25.面对这样的问题,我们得找个合适的时间与他们倾心交流,努力排除误解。

26. 随着经济的发展,环境正在遭受巨大的破坏,同时自然资源总有一天会耗尽,因而在中国建设节约型社会是必要的。

27.我们应该利用网络学习和工作,而不是玩游戏和聊天。

28.面对困难,他们从不放弃,而是努力寻找出路。

29.另一方面,应号召每一个人节约每一滴水,否则地球上的最后一滴水将会是我们自己的眼泪。

30.随着经济的发展,我们的生活发生了巨大的改变,我们的生活条件也越来越好。

4

高考必记重点单词及短语

1.refer to提到,涉及;说起;参考,查阅;指的是

①We agreed never to refer to the matter again. 我们一致同意永远不再提这件事。

②He referred to the dictionary in order to look up the new word.为了查这个新词的意思,他查阅了词典。

③California is referred to as the “Golden State”.加利福尼亚被称作“黄金之州”。

2.take off(飞机)起飞;突然开始成功;开始走红;脱(衣服等);匆匆离开;休假;取下 ①The new magazine has really taken off.这份新杂志真是大受欢迎。

3.get on上(车、船等);进展;进行,相处;继续进行下去

②How are you getting on with your study/classmates?

③After that,he knew he could get through any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.

4.put up举起;架起;张贴;(为„„)提供膳宿;提高(价钱)

They've put up a lot of highrise buildings recently.他们建了很多的高楼。

①The exam results will be put up on Friday afternoon.这次考试成绩将于星期五下午公布。 ②They agreed to put two foreign students up over the summer.

④Firefighters soon put the fire out.消防人员很快把火扑灭了。

(2010·全国卷Ⅱ)My mother opened the drawer to ________ the knives and spoons.

.put away B.put up C.put on D.put together

5

高考理科必记 第三篇_高考理科数学必会知识点1

第一部分 集合、映射、函数、导数及微积分

第二部分 三角函数与平面向量

第三部分 数列与不等式

高考理科必记 第四篇_高考英语必记100句

1. Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent is the American antelope, or pronghorn.

1.美洲羚羊,或称叉角羚,是该大陆典型的草原动物。

2. Of the millions who saw Haley's comet in 1986, how many people will live long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.

2. 1986年看见哈雷慧星的千百万人当中,有多少人能够长寿到足以目睹它在二十一世纪的回归呢?

3. Anthropologists have discovered that fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise are universally reflected in facial expressions.

3.人类学家们已经发现,恐惧,快乐,悲伤和惊奇都会行之于色,这在全人类是共通的。

4. Because of its irritating effect on humans, the use of phenol as a general antiseptic has been largely discontinued.

4.由于苯酚对人体带有刺激性作用,它基本上已不再被当作常用的防腐剂了。

5. In group to remain in existence, a profit-making organization must, in the long run, produce something consumers consider useful or desirable.

5.任何盈利组织若要生存,最终都必须生产出消费者可用或需要的产品。

6. The greater the population there is in a locality, the greater the need there is for water, transportation, and disposal of refuse.

6.一个地方的人口越多,其对水,交通和垃圾处理的需求就会越大。

7. It is more difficult to write simply, directly, and effectively than to employ flowery but vague expressions that only obscure one's meaning.

7.简明,直接,有力的写作难于花哨,含混而意义模糊的表达。

8. With modern offices becoming more mechanized, designers are attempting to personalize them with warmer, less severe interiors.

8.随着现代办公室的日益自动化,设计师们正试图利用较为温暖而不太严肃的内部装饰来使其具有亲切感。

9. The difference between libel and slander is that libel is printed while slander is spoken.

9.诽谤和流言的区别在于前者是书面的,而后者是口头的。

10. The knee is the joints where the thigh bone meets the large bone of the lower leg.

10.膝盖是大腿骨和小腿胫的连接处。

11. Acids are chemical compounds that, in water solution, have a sharp taste, a corrosive action on metals, and the ability to turn certain blue vegetable dyes red.

11.酸是一种化合物,它在溶于水时具有强烈的气味和对金属的腐蚀性,并且能够使某些蓝色植物染料变红。

12. Billie Holiday's reputation as a great jazz-blues singer rests on her ability to give emotional depth to her songs. (give something to something)

12. Billie Holiday's作为一个爵士布鲁斯乐杰出歌手的名声建立在能够赋予歌曲感情深度的能力。

13. Essentially, a theory is an abstract, symbolic representation of what is conceived to be reality.

13.理论在本质上是对认识了的现实的一种抽象和符号化的表达。

14. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they communicate through facial expressions and by making noises.

14.儿童在能说或能听懂语言之前,很久就会通过面部表情和靠发出噪声来与人交流了。

15. Thanks to modern irrigation, crops now grow abundantly in areas where once nothing but

cacti and sagebrush could live.

15.受当代灌溉(技术设施)之赐,农作物在原来只有仙人掌和荞属科植物才能生存的地方旺盛的生长。

16. The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for more accurate sundials with which to regulate them.

16.机械计时器的发展促使人们寻求更精确的(日晷sundials),以便校准机械计时器。

17. Anthropology is a science in that anthropologists use a rigorous set of methods and techniques to document observations that can be checked by others.

17.人类学是一门科学,因为人类学家采用一整套强有力的方法和技术来记录观测结果,而这样记录下来的观测结果是供他人核查的。

18. Fungi are important in the process of decay, which returns ingredients to the soil, enhances soil fertility, and decomposes animal debris.

18.真菌在腐化过程中十分重要,而腐化过程将化学物质回馈于土壤,提高其肥力,并分解 decomposes动物粪便。

19. When it is struck, a tuning 调谐, 调整, 调音fork produces an almost pure tone, retaining its pitch音量 over a long period of time.

19.音叉被敲击时,产生几乎纯质的音调,其音量经久不衰。

20. Although pecans are most plentiful in the southeastern part of the United States, they are found as far north as Ohio and Illinois.

20.虽然美洲山河桃树最集中于美国的东南部但是在北至俄亥俄州及伊利诺州也能看见它们。

21. Eliminating 消除problems by transferring the blame to others is often called scape-goating.

21.用怪罪别人的办法来解决问题通常被称为寻找替罪羊。

22. The chief foods eaten in any country depend largely on what grows best in its climate and soil.

22.一个国家的主要食物是什么,大体取决于什么作物在其天气和土壤条件下生长得最好。

23. Over a very large number of trials, the probability of an event's occurring is equal to the probability that it will not occur.

23.在大量的实验中,某一事件发生的几率等于它不发生的几率。

24. Most substance contract when they freeze so that the density of a substance's solid is higher than the density of its liquid.

24.大多数物质遇冷收缩,所以他们的密度在固态时高于液态。

25. The mechanism by which brain cells store memories is not clearly understood.

25.大脑细胞储存记忆的机理并不为人明白。

26. By the middle of the twentieth century, painters and sculptors雕塑家 in the United States had begun to exert a great worldwide influence over art.

26.到了二十一世纪中叶,美国画家和雕塑家开始在世界范围内对艺术产生重大影响。

27. In the eastern part of New Jersey lies the city of Elizabeth, a major shipping and manufacturing center.

27.伊丽莎白市,一个重要的航运和制造业中心,坐落于新泽西州的东部。

28. Elizabeth Blackwell, the first woman medical doctor in the United States, founded the New York Infirmary, an institution that has always had a completely female medical staff.

28. Elizabeth Blackwell,美国第一个女医生,创建了员工一直为女性的纽约诊所。

29. Alexander Graham Bell once told his family that he would rather be remembered as a teacher of the deaf than as the inventor of the telephone.

29. Alexander Graham Bell曾告诉家人,他更愿意让后人记住他是聋子的老师,而非电话的发明者。

30. Because its leaves remain green long after being picked, rosemary became associated with the idea of remembrance.

31. Although apparently rigid, bones exhibit a degree of elasticity弹性 that enables the skeleton to withstand considerable impact.

31.骨头看起来是脆硬的,但它也有一定的弹性,使得骨骼能够承受相当的打击。

32. That xenon could not FORM chemical compounds was once believed by scientists.

32.科学家曾相信:氙气是不能形成化合物的。

33. Research into the dynamics of storms is directed toward improving the ability to predict these events and thus to minimize damage and avoid loss of life.

33.对风暴动力学的研究是为了提高风暴预测从而减少损失,避免人员伤亡。

34. The elimination of inflation would ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have the same value as the amount of money borrowed.

34.消除通货膨胀应确保还贷的钱应与所贷款的价值相同。

35. Futurism, an early twentieth-century movement in art, rejected all traditions and attempted to glorify 美化contemporary life by emphasizing the machine and motion.

35.未来主义,二十世纪早期的一个艺术思潮。拒绝一切传统,试图通过强调机械和动态来美化生活。

36. One of the wildest and most inaccessible parts of the United States is the Everglades where wildlife is abundant and largely protected.

36. Everglades是美国境内最为荒凉和人迹罕至inaccessible 的地区之一,此处有大量的野生动植物而且大多受(法律)保护。

37. Lucretia Mott's influence was so significant that she has been credited by some authorities as the originator of feminism in the United States.

37. Lucretia Mott's的影响巨大,所以一些权威部门认定她为美国女权运动的创始人。

38. The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic 国内的marketer.

38.国际市场研究者的活动范围常常较国内市场研究者广阔。

39. The continental divide大陆分水岭 refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from those flowing into the Pacific.

39.大陆分水岭是指北美洛矶山脉上的一道想象线,该线把大西洋流域和太平洋流域区分开来。

40. Studies of the gravity field of the Earth indicate that its crust 外壳and mantle 覆盖物yield when unusual weight is placed on them.

40.对地球引力的研究表明,在不寻常的负荷之下地壳和地幔会发生位移。

41. The annual worth of Utah's manufacturing is greater than that of its mining and farming

combined.

41.尤它州制造业的年产值大于其工业和农业的总和。

42. The wallflower is so called because its weak stems often grow on walls and along stony cliffs for support.

42.墙花之所以叫墙花,是因为其脆弱的枝干经常要靠墙壁或顺石崖生长,以便有所依附。

43. It is the interaction between people, rather than the events that occur in their lives, that is the main focus of social psychology.

43.社会心理学的主要焦点是人与人之间的交往,而不是他们各自生活中的事件。

44. No social crusade aroused Elizabeth Williams' enthusiasm more than the expansion of educational facilities for immigrants to the United States.

44.给美国的新移民增加教育设施比任何社会运动都更多的激发了Elizabeth Williams的热情。

45. Quails typically have short rounded wings that enable them to spring into full flight instantly when disturbed in their hiding places.

45.典型的鹌鹑都长有短而圆的翅膀,凭此他们可以在受惊时一跃而起,飞离它们的躲藏地。

46. According to anthropologists, the earliest ancestors of humans that stood upright resembled chimpanzees facially, with sloping foreheads and protruding brows.

46.根据人类学家的说法,直立行走的人的鼻祖面部轮廓与黑猩猩相似,额头后倾,眉毛突出。

高考理科必记

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